Tartscher Bichl
| Tartscher Bichl | ||
|---|---|---|
 In the foreground the Tartscher Bichl and Tartsch , in the center of the picture Mals and in the background Burgeis with the Marienberg monastery |
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| height | 1077 m slm | |
| location | South Tyrol , Italy | |
| Mountains | Ötztal Alps | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 40 '43 " N , 10 ° 33' 34" E | |
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The Tartscher Bichl , also spelled Tartscher Bühel , is a bare, rocky, 1077 m high round hump made of mica schist in the upper Vinschgau in South Tyrol . It got its rounded shape through the action of glaciers during the Ice Age. The glaciers have left moraine deposits in the rock hollows of the hill. It is an elevation shrouded in myth and legend, which has also given archaeologists some bright spots.
location
The Tartscher Bichl is located in the municipality of Mals in the Vinschger Oberland . The hill is located on the orographic left side of the Adige Valley , in front of the Sonnenberg to the south. Its northern slope borders closely on the Mals fraction of Tartsch , 1029 m , and on the state road. The hill, which can be reached in around 10 minutes, can be climbed from two starting points: from the center of the village of Tartsch or from a parking lot next to the cemetery a few hundred meters further east at the junction of the road into the Matscher valley . The southern slope, through which the route of the Vinschgau Railway runs, is steep and can only be walked in the upper area via a narrow nature trail that circles the hill. The rest of the southern slope is taboo for pedestrians.
history
The rock hill was already settled in pre-Roman times. Both archaeological discoveries made since the 19th century and excavations carried out in 2000 suggest this. The oldest find in Vinschgau, which is provided with a Rhaetian inscription, was discovered during the construction of an irrigation system in 1953. It is a stag horn tip that is 12 cm long and only polished on one side. The inscription was first read as lavisiel riviselchu tinach and interpreted as follows: Riviselchu (this horn) consecrated to Lavisiel . More recent research now reads the sound values of the inscription as lavisie lavisealu (the wells originally deciphered as tinach are now considered indecipherable ). Lavise is a Raetian personal name that has been used several times , but the translation of the entire sequence is unclear.
In 1999 - after the excavation work at Ganglegg , which was not so far away, was already completed - a late Latène Age Celtic sword was found on the Tartscher Bichl during an inspection by archaeologists, which was the reason that the public sector made a small budget available for test excavations has been. During these excavations in the Stocker pits, the remains of so-called “Rhaetian houses” that had collapsed came to light. For this reason, the excavation time was extended so that a house could be completely excavated in one of these numerous pits scattered over the hill - particularly well visible from the air. Tough loamy moraine remnants have accumulated in these pits, which were ideally suited for the underground floors of these multi-storey buildings. The excavation campaign made it possible to gain an insight into the settlement activities of the early La Tène period (2nd half of the 5th century - 1st half of the 3rd century BC) in Vinschgau. From the excavation results of a pit it can be concluded that there could have been a settlement of at least 80 houses. This would give the legend of the town on the Tartscher Bichl a concrete historical background.
St. Veit am Bichl
On the hill of the Bichl there is a little church designed in Romanesque style, dedicated to St. Vitus is consecrated. The core of the building, which is enclosed by a stone wall , dates from the 11th century; later interventions mainly concerned the design of the interior. The only fragments of the Romanesque frescoes in the apse of the church from around 1200 are significant in terms of art history.
flora
At the time when the archaeological excavations were carried out, a nature trail was laid out on the Tartscher Bichl, which goes around the hill - not always as a visible path. The accessible north side is covered by a stock of larch trees, which provide the picturesque recreational area on the north side with welcome shade in summer. On the east side, which is easier to reach from the sun, pines alternate with larch vegetation. The south side shows similar vegetation as the steppe strip of the Vinschgau Sonnenberg overgrown with xerophilic plants and bushes . This steppe-like character of the hill is visible from afar and is clearly different from the fertile, green surroundings.
Mussolini's footsteps
Under the hill there is an unfinished bunker, built between 1939 and 1942, which was never used by the military and in which 200 soldiers were once supposed to work and live. It consists of several entrances, sleeping and operating caverns, shooting ranges, endless staircases and perforates the entire hill. The few entrances are overgrown with undergrowth and can hardly be found today. These bunkers of the Tartscher Bichl were part of an extensive system of fortifications, the Italian Alpine Wall , which Mussolini had built in the years 1938-42, and whose bunkers are visible above ground in the Vinschgau to this day.
Slapping the windows
Old places of worship were the scene of ritual acts and customs. A custom that has remained alive in the Vinschgau from the Silandro region to Mals today and is cultivated with great sympathy by the population is the slamming of the windows . On the “Scheibenschlagsunnta”, as the 1st Sunday of Lent in Vinschgau is called, round or square wooden disks (birch slices), which are attached to a long, supple willow whip, are removed from a hill over a guide board in the evening in the dark in a fire thrown from far over a slope. While the whip is theatrically drawn far out in order to achieve momentum for the longest possible flight of the disc, standardized rhymes are called out into the night, which apply to certain people in the village, and with which treacherously secret liaisons are often brought to the public. At the end, with loud hoots from those present, the “noise bar” or “hex” is lit, a large cross covered with straw and adorned with a diamond-shaped frame. For the residents of Tartsch , the Tartscher Bichl was the ideal location for this custom.
The legend of the "Tartscherbühel"
Most school children in South Tyrol have at least been confronted with this legend in the past. Many had to learn it by heart. And whoever knew it by heart will at least keep the first two lines indelibly in mind.
The Tartscherbühl is well known
in Vinschgau in Tirolerland.
A town was in the old days
all there full of shine and cleanliness.
People loved dance and play
but the Lord God was not worth much.
Once came, weary from all the hiking,
a pilgrim into town in the evening.
"The road is wet, the night is cold,
I didn't eat anything and I'm already old.
O let me sleep the night
until the sun wakes up tomorrow morning! "
"Do you want to sleep? The path is long,
can sleep wherever you are happy;
the snow covers Strass and Bühl
Fresh and cool with white linen.
The stars shine splendidly for you -
so go to sleep, old man, good night! "
The old man staggered out of the gate
and comes to the very last house:
"God bless, farmer, the table to you,
full of wine and cake, meat and fish;
but give me a piece of bread too,
otherwise tomorrow will find me dead. "
"You don't give the soft bread here,
to the hard one have no more teeth.
The white bread is for my child;
away, old man, frolic quickly! "
The pilgrim staggers out of the gate
It's really wet and dark outside.
The hand grasps the cold stone,
he hurls it, facing the city.
"Calm city, as cold as stone,
you shall forever be desolate and desolate.
Shall you perish without mercy,
God never hear your wailing supplication! "
When the stone hits the gate,
the ground soon opens;
the ground trembles, and yard and barn
and house and castle sink in;
the man, the woman, the old man, the child
buried in deep rubble.
Where proud the city in olden times
shone, it's dreary far and wide.
No monument tells you the place
where house after house once stood happily.
The Tartscherbühel stands alone
and warns: Your heart should never be stone!
literature
- Karl Maria Mayr: Rhaetian votive inscription from Tartscherbühel near Mals . In: Der Schlern , 27, 1953, pp. 365-367
- Hubert Steiner: A new Iron Age find from Tartscher Bichl in the upper Vinschgau . In: Der Schlern, 73, 1999, pp. 306-325
- Peter Gamper: Archaeological excavations at Tartscher Bichl in 2000 . In: Der Schlern, 76, 2002, pp. 49-69
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Josef Rampold , Vinschgau, Athesia Bozen publishing house, 1974
- ↑ VN-1 . In: Thesaurus Inscriptionum Raeticarum , ed. Stefan Schumacher, Corinna Salomon, Sindy Kluge, Gudrun Bajc & Martin Braun (2013 – today), accessed on April 11, 2020
- ↑ "Der Schlern" magazine, volume 76, 2002, issue 1/2 Archaeological excavations at Tartscher Bichl in 2000
- ↑ http://www.moesslang.net/alpenwall_2_wk.htm A carefully compiled documentation
- ↑ Anzoletti Patriz, Reader III. Part, Bolzano 1921