Tergolape

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Tergolape in the Tabula Peutingeriana
Tergolape in Breitenschützing / Schlatt to the west with a view of the Römerberg in April 2012

The place Tergolape was a Roman mansio in the province of Noricum ripense . According to the Tabula peutingeriana, it was on the road between Ovilava ( Wels ) and Iuvavum ( Salzburg ). One assumes a location in the vicinity of today's Breitenschützing / Schlatt and / or Schwanenstadt . Tergolape has not yet been clearly proven archaeologically.

Surname

Eckehard Bamberger  bears the name tergo-l-ape on Illyrian terg or targu ( "Market") and ape what the Latin aqua to match ( "water"), back. The infix -l- serves as a diminutive for tergo . “Tergolape” means something like “Small market on the water”.

Excavations

Breitenschützing / Schlatt

Overgrown excavation site in Breitenschützing / Schlatt to the east in April 2012
Remnants of the wall in Breitenschützing / Schlatt in April 2012

Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ′ 20 ″  N , 13 ° 48 ′ 6 ″  E

A system similar to that in the municipality of Schlatt (Upper Austria) has not yet been identified in Austria. The excavations extended from 1953 to 1963 and thus over a period of ten years. The Wels archaeologist Gilbert Trathnigg was able to determine the core of the mansio as early as 1954 . At that time he had 20 men at his disposal who dug around 1000 m of search trenches over a period of 14 days. The excavation area and the masonry were badly damaged by agricultural machinery. But the existing building remains were clearly expressed. By 1957, 38 building remains of various sizes had been uncovered. They served as barns and depots or were residential buildings. A former blacksmith's workshop and foundry were also uncovered. In addition, 13 graves were found, some with well-preserved skeletons. Outside the border walls, numerous other house foundations could be cut. The excavation work was made very difficult by spatial and depth restrictions that the landowner had stipulated. In three excavation campaigns in 1976, 1977 and 1979, the last 17 burials found so far were excavated under the direction of Manfred Pertlwieser and Vlasta Tovornik.

Schwanenstadt

Former excavation field in the garden of Heimathaus Schwanenstadt in April 2012
Former excavation site in the garden of the Schwanenstadt elementary school in April 2012

Coordinates: 48 ° 3 ′ 26 "  N , 13 ° 46 ′ 44"  E

Since 1882, during excavations that were carried out through foundation work on this site, skeletal finds with grave goods were made that suggested an early medieval necropolis . When graves were found again in the spring of 1951, the Upper Austrian State Museum undertook an emergency recovery. In 1978/79, planned excavations were carried out for the first time at the east entrance of the city of Schwanenstadt. Vlasta Tovornik from the State Museum was commissioned with the excavation. She writes in her book The Bavarian Grave Field of Schwanenstadt : “The grave covering stretches at the northeastern entrance to the village in a rather narrow width on both sides of today's federal road, which coincides with the former Roman road Laureacum Ovilava Juvavum.” In the first year of excavation, 36 graves were uncovered in the primary school front garden 54 burials will be recorded the following year on the south side, in the garden of the Pausinger Villa. Neck bead necklaces are the main additions to the women's graves; men usually have a knife or a belt buckle, and more rarely a comb. Many of these valuable finds are exhibited in the Heimathaus in Schwanenstadt. In 1996 the front garden of the house at Linzerstrasse 17 could also be examined, with a further 18 body burials being uncovered. The majority were W - O oriented Bavarian tombs. Here, too, Roman building foundations, dense layers of Roman ceramics and small finds such as in the school garden, where, according to evidence of the found smiths, there was probably also a Roman forge, were found. To summarize the excavations in Schwanenstadt: The Bayuwarian row grave field was in stages - from 1882 to 1996, essentially in the years 1978 to 1979 - on both sides of the Linzerstrasse leading through Schwanenstadt on unconnected excavation areas and not completely uncovered. The associated settlement at the same time was possibly located under the old town of Schwanenstadt on the left bank of the Ager. However, this has not been proven archaeologically. In the area of ​​the necropolis one came across urnfield settlement and grave remains, numerous small Roman finds, but also cultural layers and building remains disrupted by the grave complex.

Finds

The finds from the excavations are in the Heimatmuseum Schwanenstadt, the Stadtmuseum Wels and the Landesmuseum in Linz.

location

Opinions about the location have always been so divided that an area from Lambach to Vöcklabruck was considered for the Tergolape station . The mansio Tergolape on the connecting road Lauriacum - Ovilava - Iuvavum, handed down in ancient sources, is very likely to be equated with Schwanenstadt-Schlatt. The location of the ancient Tergolape has been interpreted and determined differently by different researchers, but unanimity on this question has not yet been achieved. Alfred Mück writes: “Using the old sources and the archaeological finds, I want to try to finally fix Tergolape. Some researchers looked for Tergolape in Lambach. (Muchar, Reichard, Pichler, Miller, Smith and others) in or near Schwanenstadt (Jordan, Scheib, Holder and others) Schiffmann in Oberndorf near Schwanenstadt , some even in Vöcklabruck or Schöndorf. Mommsen writes: 'Tergolape roughly in Schwanenstadt'. The need for a solution to this question arises from the difference in opinions. "

Tergolape in Breitenschützing / Schlatt?

Roman ruins in Breitenschützing were assigned to the Tergolape station. The Reichsstraße led through the area from Iuvavum to Ovilavis, which was roughly the course of today's Bundesstraße 1 . In ancient sources, Tergolape is stated to be 14 miles (20.75 km) from Ovilavis. As one of the first, old road researcher Herbert Jandaurek was of the opinion that the station should be located in the Schwanenstadt-Breitenschützing area. Author Anton Bamberger fully agrees with this assumption. Bamberger, as the initiator of the excavations, had plans to turn Tergolape into an open-air museum. The perimeter wall of the villa rustica in Breitenschützing / Schlatt, which was excavated between 1953 and 1956, surrounds a trapezoidal area whose well-known walls are 140, 104 and 146 m long. Several building structures have been excavated, including a main building with side apses. A timber construction is determined to be a forge based on slag finds. A kiln was uncovered. The development has several construction phases. Three body burials were placed in the main building; post-Roman graves were also recovered between the walls of two buildings. In addition to the interpretation of the finding as villa rustica, there is the assumption that it could be the Tergolape street station. The remains of the wall in Breitenschützing were considered to be the Tergolape road station due to the distance to Ovilave, which appears in the Tabula Peutingeriana . More recent research, however, sees this in Schwanenstadt. The building structures in Breitenschützing could be seen as villa rustica . A rubble horizon was cut in Oberharrern. The finding of the excavation in Breitenschützing in 1955 was: “It is not the case that we could prove an inscription find that would only fit a post office.” In a 2009 article, Josef Stern writes under the title Where is Tergolape : “The attempt to find in to see only the area of ​​a villa rustica at the Breitenschützing excavation site can be countered by examining the top graphic environment ”. The optimal strategic positioning for light signals on the plateau without landscape barriers also speaks for the location in Breitenschützing / Schlatt.

Tergolape in Schwanenstadt?

The mapping of the graves of the Bavarian burial ground shows that under Linzerstraße (Bundesstraße 1) in Schwanenstadt there was a trunk road that is equated with the Roman road from Ovilava to Iuvavum. This is supported by the location of the remains of buildings directly on Römerstrasse. Furthermore, it is speculated that the Roman road station Tergolape at the eastern entrance to Schwanenstadt can now be assumed. Various reasons can be given for the equation Tergolape = Schwanenstadt. Above all, it is the finds that were made in Schwanenstadt and the fact that no such finds were made in a larger area of ​​Schwanenstadt, in which in all probability Tergolape had to be located, which speak of the importance of tergolapes for a closed Roman village. The place Tergolape was on the site of the medieval market. This is mentioned for the first time in 788 as Suanaseo and was the focus of a Carolingian court. Besides finds of terra sigillata , bricks, shards of vessels, etc. a. there are other factors that determine the identification of Tergolape = Schwanenstadt. Last but not least, the Roman road station Tergolape can now be finally located for this area at the entrance to Schwanenstadt. In summary one can say: In place of today's Schwanenstadt there was a settlement in Roman times, which was of particular importance as a road junction and due to its location on the Reichsstraße. The name Tergolape can only be associated with Schwanenstadt due to the distance given in the tabula; The name also indicates that the Roman settlement continued an Illyrian and Celtic settlement. Roman finds were also made in Oberndorf and Staig, i.e. in the immediate vicinity of the city, but nothing is known about the type of finds.

Tergolape - an approximation?

The following assumption seems obvious: Schwanenstadt as the place of residence for the civilian population and Breitenschützing / Schlatt as the position for the Tergolape post office.

End and aftermath

Tergolape, like all other places in the upper Ufernoricum , came to an end through plundering Heruli and Thuringians.

The scientific and, above all, the pseudo-scientific / traditional discussion on the exact positioning is unlikely to have been completed yet.

The Roman cycle path runs through the communities of Schlatt and Schwanenstadt along the Ager river . The Tergolape, as the only visible and significant excavation site, is not made accessible to the population. Bamberger's wish to build an open-air museum at this historically significant location in Breitenschützing / Schlatt has remained unheard of for almost 60 years. But on the contrary. The facility is overgrown and is used by hunters, among other things, to deposit objects (roof panels, wood scraps, plastic barrels, safety fences).

The stamp collecting association based in Schwanenstadt bears the name BSV Tergolape Schwanenstadt .

Literature cited

  • Christian Aichmayr: Schlatt community . Moserbauer, Ried i. I. 2009, ISBN 978-3-902684-06-6 .
  • Office of the Upper Austrian Provincial Government: Culture Upper Austria - Museum / Archeology topic . Rudolf Trauner, Linz June 2003.
  • Anton Bamberger: Tergolape . Österreichischer Landesverlag, Linz 1965.
  • Vlasta Tovornik: The Bavarian burial ground of Schwanenstadt . Wagner, Innsbruck 2002, ISBN 3-7030-0372-3 .
  • Gilbert Trathnigg : The test excavation in Breitenschützing . Publishing house of the office of the o.ö. State government, Linz 1955.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Satzinger: Vöcklabruck town history - from the beginnings to 1850 . Kilian Verlag, Vöcklabruck 2006, ISBN 3-901745-16-5 , p. 31 ( PDF )
  2. ↑ Bamberger, Tergolape, p. 3.
  3. ↑ Bamberger, Tergolape, p. 21.
  4. ↑ Bamberger, Tergolape, pp. 23–24.
  5. ↑ Trathnigg, The trial excavation in Breitenschützing, pp. 161–162.
  6. ↑ Aichmayr, municipality of Schlatt, p. 153.
  7. ↑ a b c Article in  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Special issue cultural report, p. 27.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ooemuseumsverbund.at  
  8. ↑ Article in (PDF; 1.4 MB) Schwanenstadt - Official news, reports and information from the municipality, 6/2006, p. 21.
  9. ↑ a b Vlasta Tovornik: The Baiuvarii cemetery of Schwanenstadt, Upper Austria. Innsbruck in Periodicum OnLine to research communication structures in late antiquity, University of Munich
  10. ↑ Aichmayr, municipality of Schlatt, p. 150.
  11. ↑ Alfred Mück: Tergolape (PDF; 4.3 MB) in 'Schwanenstadt - Official News, Reports and Information from the City Council 10/2009', p. 19.
  12. ↑ a b Vöcklabruck ( Memento from January 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Römersteine ​​in the Bavarian-Austrian border area
  13. ↑ Bamberger, Tergolape, p. 10.
  14. ↑ Aichmayr, Municipality of Schlatt, p. 136.
  15. ↑ Article in ( Memento of the original from May 6, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. AIS-OOE Archaeological Information System for Upper Austria @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / archaeologie-ooe.info
  16. ↑ Article in ( Memento of the original from May 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. AIS-OOE Archaeological Information System for Upper Austria @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / archaeologie-ooe.info
  17. ↑ Trathnigg, The trial excavation in Breitenschützing, p. 169.
  18. ↑ Aichmayr, Municipality of Schlatt, p. 133.
  19. ↑ Article in  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. AIS-OOE Archaeological Information System for Upper Austria@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / archeologie-ooe.info  
  20. ↑ a b c d Alfred Mück: Tergolape (PDF; 4.3 MB) in 'Schwanenstadt - Official News, Reports and Information from the City Council 10/2009', p. 20.
  21. ↑ Article in (PDF; 5.3 MB) Upper Austrian Museum Journal - Results of an Emergency Excavation in Schwanenstadt, 8/1996, p. 36.
  22. ↑ Aichmayr, Municipality of Schlatt, pp. 138-139.
  23. ↑ Article in (PDF; 1.4 MB) Schwanenstadt - Official news, reports and information from the municipality, 6/2006, p. 36.