Tetrakonchos
As Tetraconch (also: Vierkonchenanlage , Vierkonchenchor or Vierapsidenkirche ) is an architectural design with four conches , so semicircular apses called. In the case of the Tetrakonchos, the apses are arranged on the four sides of the church building, while in the case of three-apse churches they are often next to each other on a building wall.
Design and examples
A tetrakonchos is a variant of the central building , whereby the arms adjoining the crossing of a church building are of the same length and end in apses or in a choir . Additional niches and round corner rooms can also be added.
This type of church is an original creation of the southern Caucasus and was built there for a relatively short time. These include, for example:
- Four apse church of Cherson , Ukraine, 7th century
- Jvari Monastery near Mtskheta in Georgia, around 600
- Sioni Church from Ateni , Georgia, 7th century
- Etchmiadzin Cathedral , Armenia, around 485
- Armenian central buildings of the “mastara type”: Mastara , Haritschavank monastery church , Sergius church in Artik , all in Armenia, 7th century; Kars Cathedral , Eastern Turkey, 10th century
- Central Armenian buildings of the “Awan Hripsime type”: Awan Cathedral (Yerevan), Saint Hripsime Church in Etchmiadzin, 7th century
- Orthodox four-apse church from Gurasada , Romania, around 1300
- Chapel of Sainte-Croix near the southern French city of Arles , 12th century.
Monoconchos to octoconchos
Monocons are cross- domed churches with three rectangular arms and a semicircular apse in the east ( Lmbatavank , Armenia, 7th century). In the case of tricons, the western part is enlarged to a rectangular area (example: Our Lady of God Church in Talin , Armenia, 7th century). Six and eight-conical churches were found in early Byzantine architecture and rarely in Armenia. The church of St. Gregory in Ani was built as hexaconchos (six conches) in the 10th century, and the Sorawor church at Jeghward from the 7th century and the church of the Redeemer in Ani from 1036 as octoconchos (eight conches) . The Armenian church of Irind from the 7th century possesses the unusual number of seven conches (heptaconchos) . Romanesque round churches with six conches sunk into the outer wall were presumably built in the 11th century in the Hungarian communities of Kiszombor and Karcsa, influenced by models from Armenia or Georgia .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Drawing of the archaeological excavations in Gurasada from 1977, 1983 and 1984. ( Memento of October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b ion Motzo-Chicideanu: Gurasada (1250).
- ↑ a b Roman Ivanovič Hildebrandt: The Sioni Church of Ateni ( Memento from September 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Alla Ilʹinichna Romanchuk and Heinz Heinen: Studies on the history and archeology of Byzantine Cherson. Pages 75 and 79.
- ^ Gábor Barta, István Bóna, Béla Köpeczi , László Makkai, Ambrus Miskolczy, András Mócsy, Katalin Péter, Zoltán Szász, Endre Tóth, Zsolt Trócsányi, Ágnes R. Várkonyi, Gábor Várkonyi, Gábor Végenkony in the early 111172.
