Titanium boride

Crystal structure
	__ Ti __ B
General
Surname	Titanium boride
other names	Titanium diboride
Ratio formula	TiB 2
Brief description	gray powder
External identifiers / databases
EC number	234-961-4
ECHA InfoCard	100,031,771
Wikidata	Q4093696
properties
Molar mass	69.49 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.52 g cm −3 (25 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 302-312-332
	P: 280
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Titanium boride is an inorganic chemical compound of boron from the group of borides .

Extraction and presentation

Titanium boride is produced carbothermally by sintering or in the liquid phase in an electric arc furnace. It can also be obtained from glowing tungsten filaments from vapor mixtures of titanium (III) chloride , boron tribromide and hydrogen at 1400 to 1600 ° C.

Or you can convert mixtures of volatile chlorides with hydrogen:

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {TiCl4 + 2 BCl3 + 5 H2 -> TiB2 + 10 HCl}}}

It is also produced during sintering of ceramics with similar compounds.

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {ZrB2 + TiO2 -> ZrO2 + TiB2}}}

It can also be produced by reacting titanium dioxide with boron trioxide and aluminum , silicon or magnesium powder as a reducing agent.

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {3TiO2 + 3B2O3 + 10Al -> 3TiB2 + 5Al2O3}}}

In the so-called boron carbide process , the surface is hardened to form titanium boride with additional carbon and titanium dioxide as starting materials:

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {2 TiO2 + B4C + 3 C -> 2 TiB2 + 4CO}}}

properties

Titanium boride is a gray powder that has good electrical conductivity.

use

Titanium boride is used together with boron nitride as a material for evaporation boats. To a lesser extent, it is used as a test material for cathodes in aluminum fused-salt electrolysis cells and as armor material and as a substitute for diamond dust and for coatings. By embedding titanium boride particles in aluminum, the properties (e.g. hardness) of the aluminum can be improved. The »light« alloy Al x TiB _{2 is used} instead of heavy alloys such as steel. B. in bicycle, engine and aircraft construction (according to ISPRAM process = in situ processing of aluminum matrix composites).

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {3 K2TiF6 + 6 KBF4 + 10 Al -> 3 TiB2 + 4 K3AlF6 + 6 AlF3}}}

It is also used for the casing of thermocouples and for the construction of containers for liquid metals such as aluminum.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f data sheet Titanium boride, powder, <10 μm from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on September 15, 2015 ( PDF ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Wolfgang Kollenberg: Technical ceramic basics, materials, process engineering . Vulkan-Verlag GmbH, 2004, ISBN 978-3-8027-2927-0 , p. 339 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ Richard Kieffer, Paul Schwarzkopf: Hard materials and hard metals . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-3901-1 , p. 259 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ Gert Blumenthal, Dietmar Linke, Siegfried Vieth: Chemistry - basic knowledge for engineers . Springer-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8351-9047-4 , p. 239 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ Hermann Salmang, Horst Scholze: Ceramics . Springer-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-49469-0 , pp. 380 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ ^a ^b Horst Briehl: Chemistry of materials . Springer Science & Business Media, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8351-0223-1 , pp. 253 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ James W. McCauley, Andrew Crowson, William A. Gooch, Jr., AM Rajendran, Stephan J. Bless, Kathryn Logan, Michael Normandia, Steven Wax: Ceramic Armor Materials by Design . John Wiley & Sons, 2012, ISBN 1-118-38110-6 , pp. 633 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ subgroup elements, lanthanides, actinides, transactinides Volume 2: transition elements, lanthanides, actinides, transactinide attachments . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049590-4 , p. 1806 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ Ralf Steudel: Chemistry of Non-Metals Syntheses - Structures - Binding - Use . Walter de Gruyter, 2013, ISBN 978-3-11-030797-9 , p. 212 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Sigma-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f data sheet Titanium boride, powder, <10 μm from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on September 15, 2015 ( PDF ).

[Wolfgang_Kollenberg-2] Wolfgang Kollenberg: Technical ceramic basics, materials, process engineering . Vulkan-Verlag GmbH, 2004, ISBN 978-3-8027-2927-0 , p. 339 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Richard_Kieffer,_Paul_Schwarzkopf-3] Richard Kieffer, Paul Schwarzkopf: Hard materials and hard metals . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-3901-1 , p. 259 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Gert_Blumenthal,_Dietmar_Linke,_Siegfried_Vieth-4] Gert Blumenthal, Dietmar Linke, Siegfried Vieth: Chemistry - basic knowledge for engineers . Springer-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8351-9047-4 , p. 239 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Hermann_Salmang,_Horst_Scholze-5] Hermann Salmang, Horst Scholze: Ceramics . Springer-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-49469-0 , pp. 380 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Horst_Briehl-6] Horst Briehl: Chemistry of materials . Springer Science & Business Media, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8351-0223-1 , pp. 253 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[James_W._McCauley,_Andrew_Crowson,_William_A._Gooch,_Jr.,_A._M._Rajendran,_Stephan_J._Bless,_Kathryn_Logan,_Michael_Normandia,_Steven_Wax-7] James W. McCauley, Andrew Crowson, William A. Gooch, Jr., AM Rajendran, Stephan J. Bless, Kathryn Logan, Michael Normandia, Steven Wax: Ceramic Armor Materials by Design . John Wiley & Sons, 2012, ISBN 1-118-38110-6 , pp. 633 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[8] subgroup elements, lanthanides, actinides, transactinides Volume 2: transition elements, lanthanides, actinides, transactinide attachments . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049590-4 , p. 1806 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[Ralf_Steudel-9] Ralf Steudel: Chemistry of Non-Metals Syntheses - Structures - Binding - Use . Walter de Gruyter, 2013, ISBN 978-3-11-030797-9 , p. 212 ( limited preview in Google Book search).