Clay mix

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Example of a mix of frequencies 400 Hz, 430 Hz, 470 Hz, 520 Hz and 580 Hz. The amplitudes of the individual partials are always the same.

The physical acoustics according to DIN 1320 describes a sound mixture as a sound which is composed of sounds of any frequency. With sound while the acoustic representations of pure sine waves, are so-called pure tones meant. Noise or noise are complex special forms of a mixture of sounds . If partials are in a harmonious relationship to one another, one speaks of a sound .

The pure sound mixture, understood as a theoretical-physical concept, serves as a description category for the analysis of sound events . In musical acoustics, for example, it can be said that three-dimensional vibrating bodies such as bells , plates and bars tend to emit a mixture of tones , while vibrating strings and pipes tend to produce sounds .

In electronic music , the sound mix is ​​important as an electronically synthesized audio signal . Using technical means, it is possible to produce static sound mixtures that are not tied to a natural course of time - which is not the case with classical natural musical instruments . At the same time, the signals can be technically provided with an artificial envelope in order to e.g. B. to imitate the time course of natural instruments or consciously create unusual time courses. In addition, other parameters of the clay mixture can also be changed continuously, e.g. B. the volume ratio of the partials to each other or their frequencies.

The composer Herbert Eimert , who in the 1950s in the Cologne studio for electronic music dealt intensively with the possibilities of how sound colors could be “composed” (see sound composition ), described sound mixes as “a completely new dimension of the compositional. In it, by the way, the many and never overcome contradictions of so-called atonality seem to finally be resolved. ”( Herbert Eimert : Introduction to Electronic Music ) The practice of composing therefore primarily distinguishes mixed tones from chords . Compared to chords, tone mixtures have a higher degree of fusion, so they are not perceived as individual tones but as a unified sound, as a "global phenomenon".

There is a smooth transition between sounds and chords on the one hand (i.e. sound events that are based on harmonic frequency relationships) and the inharmonic tone mixtures on the other. Depending on how much the partials of a tone mixture deviate from its ideal harmonic frequency values, one speaks of "approximately harmonic" or "slightly harmonic" sound signals. Herbert Eimert saw compositional potential in this area of ​​tension. With such clay mixtures z. B. also the composer Karlheinz Stockhausen in his study II . Stockhausen was Eimert's successor as artistic director of the Cologne studio for electronic music.

In other contexts (e.g. in medicine ) the term sound mixture is also used in a more general sense for complex sound events. (Compare e.g.)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Michael Dickreiter, Volker Dittel, Wolfgang Hoeg, Martin Wöhr: Handbuch der Tonstudiotechnik . 2008, ISBN 3-598-44135-5 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  2. ↑ "Noise is [according to DIN 1320] a sound signal of a statistical nature, for which only a continuous frequency spectrum can be specified, [...]". Michael Dickreiter, Volker Dittel, Wolfgang Hoeg, Martin Wöhr: Manual of the recording studio technology . 2008, ISBN 3-598-44135-5 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  3. ↑ Dieter Maute: Technical acoustics and noise protection . Hanser, 2006, ISBN 3-446-40222-5 , pp. 24 ( online in Google Book Search).
  4. ↑ "A pure tone is represented by a single sine function [...], [...] A sound is a mixture of pure tones, created by their undisturbed superposition [...] while a noise represents a mixture of tones with a large frequency spectrum [...] [...]". “Rhena Krawietz, Wilfried Heimke: Physics in Construction . 2008, ISBN 3-446-40276-4 , pp. 142, 143 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ “Types of sound - tone, sound, bang, noise. The tone [...] The sound is a mixture of tones, the frequencies of which are integer multiples of the lowest occurring frequency. [...] This frequency superposition results in a periodic but anharmonic oscillation pattern [...]. The bang A sudden mechanical oscillation of great amplitude and short duration. [...] it occupies a frequency range. The noise: Non-periodic processes generate noise. [...] no periodicity [...] most of the sound events that surround us are noises, e. B. traffic noise, the rustling of a bunch of keys, the human voice or the crumpling of paper. ”Patrik Vogt: Computer-aided learning in physics lessons, illustrated using the example of a learning sequence from the subject area“ Vibrations and Waves ”(9th grade) . 2008, ISBN 3-8309-2263-9 , pp. 30 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ Ulrich Michels: dtv atlas on music. Boards and texts . 15th edition. tape 1 . dtv / Bärenreiter, Munich 1994, p. 17 .
  7. ^ Herbert Eimert: Introduction to Electronic Music. Double LP, Wergo 1963.
  8. ↑ Kilian Schwoon on his composition Broken Consort
  9. ↑ Ernst Terhardt: Acoustic Communication. Basics with audio examples . 1998, ISBN 3-540-63408-8 , pp. 217 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ↑ "Mixtures of sounds whose inharmonic partials are close to harmonics of a sound are particularly interesting." ( Herbert Eimert : Introduction to electronic music. Double LP, Wergo 1963)
  11. ^ A. Lange: Anamnesis and clinical examination . 1998, ISBN 3-642-58806-9 , pp. 254 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  12. ↑ Thomas Köhler: Medicine for psychologists and psychotherapists. Oriented towards the licensing regulations for psychological psychotherapists . Schattauer, 2003, ISBN 3-7945-2238-9 , pp. 48 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

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