Trappist Abbey of Marija-Zvijezda

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Trappist Abbey Mariastern, Bosnia

The Trappist Abbey Marija-Zvijezda (Latin Abbatia Beatae Mariae de Stella ; German Abbey Mariastern ) is a Bosnian Trappist monastery in Banja Luka , diocese of Banja Luka .

history

Coat of arms of the monastery

The Trappist Franz Pfanner (originally Mariawald Abbey in the Eifel ) founded the Mariastern Monastery (Bosnian: Marija-Zvijezda , named after the monastery ) in Banja Luka (today Bosnia and Herzegovina ) in the suburb of Delibašino Selo on the bank of the Vrban river in 1869 on behalf of the Pope St. Marienstern in Upper Lusatia as an important donor), which was elevated to an abbey in 1885 and regularly had between one hundred and two hundred members until 1940.

When Bosnia came under the administration of Austria-Hungary in 1878 and German Catholics (especially from the Eifel and the Rhineland) immigrated to Bosnia during the Prussian Kulturkampf at the invitation of Franz Pfanner and the villages of Windthorst ( Novo Topola ) and Rudolfstal between Banja Luka and Gradiška ( Alexandrovac ) founded the monastery erected Maria Stern in the two places, the granges Josefsburg ( Josipovac , 1887) and Marienburg ( Mary's Dvor , 1893), which cooperated with the German settlers, and u. a. the production of Trappist cheese , which still exists today .

In 1882 Pfanner left Banja Luka and founded the Mariannhill Trappist monastery in South Africa , which in 1909 was detached from the Trappist order and became the mother monastery of the Mariannhill Missionaries' Congregation .

In 1888, Mariastern founded the Zemunik (Italian: Zemonico ) priory in Zemunik Donji , Croatia , which existed until 1922.

In 1904 an attempt to establish a foundation on Neupommern (today: New Britain ) failed, an island in the Bismarck Archipelago , which at that time belonged to the German South Sea colonies . The Trappist converse Alois Bley (1865–1904), who came from Haltern and had lived in Mariastern since 1887 and had been sent to the South Seas with a confrere in 1902, was murdered there by locals as part of the so-called “Baining Massacre” , who believed in the opposed the missionaries' rigid strategy of mission and civilization. The heads of three executed natives who were involved in the act were sent to the University of Freiburg im Breisgau for anatomical study purposes .

Monks from the Mariastern Abbey settled in the abandoned Himmerod Monastery in 1919 and bought back part of the old Himmerod monastery property from the Count of Kesselstatt . They then joined the Marienstatt Abbey , which has officially been the author of the new settlement in Himmeroder since 1922.

In 1944 the monks were expelled by the advancing communists and fled to the Trappist monastery Maria Veen in Reken in the Münsterland. From there they moved to Engelszell Abbey in 1951 , where the Mariastern Monastery survived legally for a while. From 1952/1953 at the latest, monks lived in Banja Luka again, who maintained the continuity (advocated by the order) after the resignation and death of Abbot Bonaventura Diamant (who wanted to give up the monastery) and until the official appointment of a new abbot (1964). When an earthquake hit Banja Luka in 1969 (one month after the re- consecration of the Church), some of the monks went to Kloštar Ivanić ( Zagreb County ), but returned to Mariastern in 1977 on the instructions of the Order's leadership. Since 1973 the monastery has also been a parish . Since the Bosnian War , the existence of the monastery has been threatened again. The monastery church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary has been a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2004.

Superiors, priors and abbots

  • Franz Pfanner (1869–1882)
  • Bonaventura Baier (1882-1893, first abbot, had an accident)
  • Dominikus Assfalg (1894–1920, heyday of the monastery, 220 monks at times)
  • Bonaventure Diamond (1920–1952, then resigned)
  • Flavian Grbac (1952–1957)
  • Tiburcije Penca (1957–1964)
  • Fulgencije Oraić (1964–1977, died in Ivanić)
  • Anton Artner (1977–1991)
  • Nivard Volkmer (1991-2002)
  • Philip Vanneste (2002-2003)
  • Francis de Place (2003–)

literature

  • Bernard Peugniez , Le Guide Routier de l'Europe Cistercienne , Strasbourg, Editions du Signe, 2012, p. 1105.
  • Stefan Loidl, born in Rudolfstal (Alexandrovac), lives in Ebensee. An analysis of the life courses of German colonists in Bosnia in the 19th and 20th centuries , Saarbrücken, Akademikerverlag, 2013.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martyrologium Sancrucense , Heiligenkreuz 2003, 2nd edition 2008, p. 303.
  2. ↑ Bley, Joseph (Alois), OCR in the Internet portal "Westfälische Geschichte", accessed in December 2019.
  3. ↑ Hans J. Limburg MSC : Hiltrup Missionaries and Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus including Trappist brothers in Baining (today Papua New Guinea) (1904). In: Helmut Moll (ed.): Witnesses for Christ. The German martyrology of the 20th century. 7th, revised and updated edition, Schöningh, Paderborn 2019, ISBN 978-3-506-78012-6 , pp. 1391-1397 (on Bley: p. 1392); Online access on the website of the Archdiocese of Cologne : Ten Hiltrup missionaries and missionary sisters from the Sacred Heart of Jesus including Trappist brothers in Baining (today Papua New Guinea).
  4. ^ Horst founder : History of the German colonies. 7th, updated and expanded edition, Schöningh, Paderborn 2018, pp. 197f.
  5. ^ Margarete Brüll: Colonial collections from the Pacific. In: Eva Gerhards, Edgar Dürrenberger ( Museum für Völkerkunde Freiburg , ed.): When Freiburg discovered the world. 100 years of the Museum of Ethnology. Promo Verlag, Freiburg i. Br. 1995, ISBN 3-923288-16-6 (exhibition catalog), pp. 109–145 (here: p. 115); online: The German colonies in the South Seas (PDF, 203 KB; pp. 7/1 and 16).
  6. ^ Ambrosius Schneider, Abtei Himmerod, 5th edition, Munich, Schnell, 1989, p. 14.