Trumpism

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Trumpism (derived from English "Trumpism") is a political catchphrase that describes the " political ideology " and the style of government Donald Trump . The term is also generally applied to right-wing conservative neo-nationalist or national-populist movements in Western democracies.

history

The term came up during the 2016 presidential campaign . It denotes a populist political method that suggests simple answers to complex political, economic and social problems and is intended to mobilize the losers of increasing social inequality , while the established political establishment is viewed with contempt. It is ideologically accentuated by right-wing conservative nationalism, with Trump's political style also showing traits of authoritarianism .

Content

In terms of foreign policy (in the sense of Trump's America First ), a unilateral policy is preferred to a multilateral policy, and national interests are particularly emphasized, also in the context of economic agreements and alliance obligations. Trump has repeatedly shown disdain for Canada and its transatlantic partners ( NATO and European Union ), who have so far been considered the United States' most important allies. Another characteristic of foreign policy is a predilection for autocratic rulers, especially for Russian President Vladimir Putin , whom Trump often praised before he took office and during the Helsinki summit .

In terms of economic policy, Trumpism promises new jobs and more domestic investment. Trump's tough line on the export surpluses of American trading partners led to a tense situation in 2018 with mutually imposed punitive tariffs between the US on the one hand and the EU and China on the other. Trump has secured the support of his political base, which is dissatisfied with developments in the USA so far, with a policy that strongly emphasizes nationalism, anti-elitism and criticism of globalization.

reference

Rhetorically, Trumpism is characterized by a chauvinistic attitude towards women and minorities and a rejection of the political establishment. Trump has also been shown to act rhetorically with a large number of false or at least misleading statements that he presents as facts. In this sense, a large part of the media is disparagingly referred to as fake media due to the resulting critical reporting of Trump , while he relies primarily on the conservative Fox News Channel , where influential presenters (such as Sean Hannity ) support his politics in the media.

reception

The American historian Robert Paxton rates Trumpism as proto-fascist because of the xenophobic program, the repeated thematization of the national decline that needs to be combated, and the rhetorical stylistic devices used . Stanley Payne does not classify him as fascist, but reactionary , while the British historian Roger Griffin does not see the definition of fascism as not being fulfilled because Trump does not question the political system of the United States or does not want to abolish its democratic institutions. What can be seen, however, is a disdain for the familiar political system (both in the area of ​​domestic and foreign policy). The Argentine historian Federico Finchelstein sees significant intersections between Peronism and Trumpism. The respected historian Christopher Browning considers the long-term consequences of Trump's policies (which have strong authoritarian traits) and the related support he receives from the Republican Party, which has poisoned the political climate, as potentially threatening democracy.

In the German-speaking debate, the term has so far only appeared sporadically, mostly in connection with the crisis of confidence in politics and the media. It then describes the strategy of mostly right-wing political actors to stir up this crisis in order to benefit from it.

The British Collins English Dictionary named Trumpism one of its "Words of the Year 2016" after Brexit : According to the jury, the term describes both Trump's ideology and his characteristically provocative statements.

literature

  • David Frum : Trumpocracy . Harper, New York City 2018, ISBN 978-0-06-279673-8 .
  • EJ Dionne , Thomas E. Mann , Norman Ornstein: One Nation After Trump: A Guide for the Perplexed, the Disillusioned, the Desperate, and the Not-Yet Deported . St. Martin's Press, New York City 2017, ISBN 978-1-250-16405-6 .
  • George H. Nash: American Conservatism and the Problem of Populism . In: Roger Kimball (Ed.): Vox Populi: The Perils and Promises of Populism . Encounter Books, New York 2017, ISBN 978-1-59403-958-4 , pp. 7-18.
  • Jared Yates Sexton: The People Are Going to Rise Like the Waters Upon Your Shore: A Story of American Rage. Counterpoint, Berkeley 2017, ISBN 978-1-61902-956-9 .
  • Jack Thompson: Understanding Trumpism: The New American President's Foreign Policy. In: Sirius - Journal for Strategic Analyzes , Issue 1 (2), 2017, pp. 109–115 ( online ).
  • Bob Woodward : Fear. Trump in the White House. Simon & Schuster, New York 2018, ISBN 978-1-4711-8130-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jon Sopel: What is Trumpism? BBC News, January 20, 2018, accessed July 3, 2018 .
  2. ↑ See Johannes Kuhn: Who America moved to the right , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung , 2 September 2017; Adam Serwer: The Nationalist's Delusion , in: The Atlantic , November 20, 2017.
  3. Jump up ↑ Lee Drutman, Larry Diamond, Joe Goldman: Is Trump Giving Authoritarianism a Bad Name? , in: The New York Times , March 15, 2018; Greg Sargent: The Trump authoritarian cult , in: The Washington Post , October 26, 2017.
  4. ^ Peter Rudolf: US Foreign Policy under President Trump , Foundation for Science and Politics; Thomas Assheuer: Donald Trump: I am the right , in: Zeit-Online, May 16, 2018.
  5. ↑ Julianne Smith, Jim Townsend: NATO in the Age of Trump , in: Foreign Affairs , July 9, 2018; Ishaan Tharoor: Trump's NATO trip shows 'America First' is 'America Alone' in: The Washington Post , July 11, 2018.
  6. ↑ Timeline: Donald Trump's praise for Vladimir Putin
  7. ↑ Trump and Putin: Republicans criticize lightly
  8. ↑ John Harwood: Why Trumpism May Not Endure. In: The New York Times , January 20, 2017.
  9. ^ Richard Partington: Trump's trade war: what is it and which products are affected? , in: The Guardian , July 7, 2018.
  10. ↑ Jack Thompson: Understanding Trumpism: The New American President's Foreign Policy. In: Sirius - Journal for Strategic Analyzes , Issue 1 (2), 2017, pp. 109–115 ( online ).
  11. ↑ Ben Tarnoff: The triumph of Trumpism: the new politics that is here to stay. In: The Guardian , November 9, 2016.
  12. ↑ Glenn Kessler, Meg Kelly: President Trump has made more than 2,000 false or misleading claims over 355 days , in: The Washington Post , January 10, 2018.
  13. ↑ Jason Schwartz: Trump opens rift in press corps as he disses CNN as 'fake' and Fox News as 'real' , in: Politico , July 13, 2018.
  14. ↑ Federico Finchelstein: From Fascism to Populism in History . University of California, Oakland 2017, ISBN 978-0-520-96804-2 , pp. 11-13 .
  15. ^ Christopher Browning: The Suffocation of Democracy . In: The New York Review of Books Vol. 65, Number 16 (2018). Quote ibid .: Trump is not Hitler and Trumpism is not Nazism, but regardless of how the Trump presidency concludes, this is a story unlikely to have a happy ending.
  16. ↑ Dorothée de Nève: "Trumpism threatens democracy in Hesse too". In: Hessenschau , November 10, 2016; Georg Seeßlen : Language attack of the right-wing populists: Trumpets of Trumpism . In: Spiegel Online , February 2, 2017.
  17. ↑ Etymology Corner - Collins Word of the Year 2016. In: Collinsdictionary.com , November 3, 2016.