Tubilustrium

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The Tubilustrium represented as a one-and-a-half- day cult act “preliminary celebration of the provincial diets” in the Roman calendar before the Roman Republic, the eighth day (→ Nundinum ) after the Ides . From 450 BC BC "hidden Tubilustria" could not retain their original identity, as the changing, more popular monthly celebrations pushed them into the background. In addition, the Tubilustria has always not been considered an "official Feriae ", which is why it was not officially taken into account in its monthly celebration.

background

Reform of the Tubilustrium

After 450 BC In the course of the Twelve Tables Laws ( calendar reform ) , the Tubilustrium was mostly passed down in the Roman calendar and only open for the 23rd and 24th day together with the marked day " QRCF " ( Quando Rex Comitiavit Fas ) in the months of Martius and Maius expelled. Another exception was the 28-day February march . In a leap year, the 23rd day was usually coupled with the leap month Mensis intercalaris , which is why the ritual of Tubulustria no longer appeared after the calendar reform in February.

In the following centuries the Tubilustria lost further practical importance due to the lack of a direct calendar connection to the moon , only to be officially recognized with the QRCF days, although they were still in use in the private sector.

Rites of the Tubilustrium

The one and a half day Tubilustria represented monthly rites that were performed a Nundinum after the ides of the full moon to strengthen the phase of the waning moon. Here sacrificed the priests a white sheep and accompanied the rite with noisy-stretched horns ; also called tubi / tubae in the sacred language . The same process is well attested in lunar eclipses or in the cult of the dead . The mythological background of the signal horns is the idea of ​​actively helping the waning or dying moon with noise. The ritual purification character , often interpreted from the sources , cannot be confirmed on the basis of other text sources that are connected with the rite of the Tubilustria.

literature

  • Jörg Rüpke : Calendar and Public: The History of Representation and Religious Qualification of Time in Rome . de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-014514-6 .