Ulrich Maschwitz

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Portrait of Dr. Ulrich Maschwitz from 2016
Ulrich Maschwitz, 2016

Ulrich Maschwitz (with full name Ulrich Wilhelm Jürgen Maschwitz ; born September 7, 1937 in Trebnitz , Lower Silesia ; † July 25, 2018 in Frankfurt am Main ), last residing in Neu-Isenburg, was a German ecologist , behavioral scientist and sociobiologist . His research area were the native and especially the tropical ants , which is why he was also considered an "excellent expert on the rainforests of Southeast Asia".

Career

Ulrich Maschwitz studied biology , chemistry and geography at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich and received his doctorate there in 1963 in zoology under Martin Lindauer on defense communication in social insects. From 1964 he worked as a scientific assistant at the Institute for Applied Zoology at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg with Karl Gößwald , where he and Bert Hölldobler examined the mating flights of Camponotus herculeanus and Camponotus ligniperda . Together with Bert Hölldobler, Maschwitz succeeded for the first time in detecting pheromones , which synchronize the mating flights of the sex animals in colonies of horse ants .

This was followed by a scientific assistant at the Organic-Chemical Institute of the University of Heidelberg with Hermann Schildknecht with studies on animal poisons and warfare agents. There he carried out investigations into defense substances in beetles and first discovered the function of the metapleural gland secretions in ants. He chemically analyzed these secretions, especially in leaf cutter ants of the Atta genus .

From 1969 Maschwitz worked as an assistant at the then Zoological Institute of the Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main with Martin Lindauer , who had taken over a chair there in 1963. There he worked with Bert Hölldobler, who was also an assistant to Martin Lindauer, on cardboard construction at Lasius fuliginosus and on tandem running recruitment for ants. In 1971 Maschwitz joined Bert Hölldobler's group, who had meanwhile been appointed professor of zoology, within the institute. Maschwitz completed his habilitation in 1972 and was appointed professor in 1973, the year Hölldobler was called away. He remained in Frankfurt until his retirement on September 30, 2002 as professor of zoology and head of the etho-ecology working group . In obituaries he was honored as "one of the greats in German ant research".

Ulrich Maschwitz focused on chemical ecology and tropical ecology , especially with social insects. In the course of time he specialized in particular in the Southeast Asian ant plants (myrmecophytes). Knowledge of the ant-plant symbioses known from Southeast Asia today is largely based on the work of Ulrich Maschwitz and his colleagues.

Awards and honors

Fonts (selection)

  • Hazardous substances and hazard alerting in social hymenoptera . In: Z. see Physiol. Volume 47, 1964, pp. 596-655
  • Alarm substances and alarm behavior in social Hymenoptera . In: Nature. Volume 204, 1964, pp. 324-327
  • with Bert Hölldobler. The social function of the mandible glands of male horse ants (Camponotus herculeanus) in the wedding flock . In: Negoti. German. Zool. Ges. Jena. Volume 29, 1965, pp. 391-393.
  • with Bert Hölldobler. The wedding flock of the horse ant Camponotus herculeanus (Hym. Formicidae) . In: Z. see Physiol. Volume 50, 1965, pp. 551-568.
  • Larvae as food storage in the wasp colony. In: Negoti. German. Zool. Ges. Jena, Zool. Number Suppl. Vol. 29, 1965, pp. 530-534
  • Alarm Substances and Alarm Behavior in Social Insects . In: Vitamins and Hormons. Volume 24, 1966, pp. 267-290
  • The storage secretion of the wasp larvae and its biological significance . In: Z. see Physiol. Volume 53, 1966, pp. 228-252
  • with Michael Mühlenberg : On the hunting strategy of some oriental Leptogenys species (Formicidae: Ponerinae). In: Oecologia. Volume 20, No. 1, 1975, pp. 65-83, doi: 10.1007 / BF00364322
  • with Karla Jessen and Eleonore Maschwitz: Foaming in Pachycondyla: A new defense mechanism in ants. In: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Volume 9, No. 1, 1981, pp. 79-81, doi: 10.1007 / BF00299857
  • with Peter Schönegge: Forage communication, nest moving recruitment, and prey specialization in the oriental ponerine Leptogenys chinensis. In: Oecologia. Volume 57, No. 1-2, 1983, pp. 175-182, doi: 10.1007 / BF00379578
  • with Heinz Hänel: The migrating herdsman Dolichoderus (Diabolus) cuspidatus: an ant with a novel mode of life . In: Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology. Volume 17, No. 2, 1985, pp. 171-184, doi: 10.1007 / BF00299249
  • with Sabine Steghaus-Kovac, R. Gaube and Heinz Hänel: A South East Asian ponerine ant of the genus Leptogenys (Hym., Form.) with army ant life habits. In: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Volume 24, No. 5, 1989, pp. 305-316, doi: 10.1007 / BF00290907
  • with Konrad Fiedler: The symbiosis between the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina, and Anthene emolus, an obligate myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly. In: Journal of Natural History. Volume 23, No. 4, 1989, pp. 833-846, doi: 10.1080 / 00222938900770441
  • with Marlis Annette Merbach, Georg Zizka, Brigitte Fiala and Dennis Merbach: Giant nectaries in the peristome thorns of the pitcher plant Nepenthes bicalcarata Hooker f. (Nepenthaceae): anatomy and functional aspects . In: Ecotropica. Volume 5, 1999, pp. 45-50
  • with Joachim Moog: Communal peeing: a new mode of flood control in ants. In: Natural Sciences. Volume 87, No. 12, 2000, pp. 563-565, doi: 10.1007 / s001140050780
  • with Marlis Annette Merbach, Webber E. Booth, Brigitte Fiala and Georg Zizka: Patterns of nectar secretion in five Nepenthes species from Brunei Darussalam, Northwest Borneo and implications for ant-plant relationships . In: Flora. Volume 196, 2001, pp. 153-160
  • with M. Dill and DJ Williams: Herdsmen Ants and their Mealybug Partners. In: Treatises of the Senckenbergische Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Volume 557, 2002, ISBN 978-3-510-61348-9 , full text (PDF)
  • with Marlis Annette Merbach, Dennis Jörg Merbach, Webber E. Booth, Brigitte Fiala and Georg Zizka .: Carnivorous plants: Mass march of termites into the deadly trap. In: Nature. Volume 415, No. 6867, 2002, pp. 36-37, doi: 10.1038 / 415036a
  • with C. Go, Eva Kaufmann and Alfred Buschinger: A unique strategy of host colony exploitation in a parasitic ant: workers of Polyrhachis lama rear their brood in neighboring host nests. In: Natural Sciences. Volume 91, No. 1, 2004, pp. 40-43, doi: 10.1007 / s00114-003-0487-3
  • with Marlis Merbach, Georg Zizka, Brigitte Fiala, Dennis Merbach and Webber E. Booth: Why a carnivorous plant cooperates with an ant - Selective defense against pitcher-destroying weevils in the myrmecophytic pitcher plant Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook f. In: Ecotropica. Volume 13, No. 1, 2007, pp. 45–56, ISSN 0949-3026, full text (PDF)
  • with Volker Witte: Mushroom harvesting ants in the tropical rain forest. In: Natural Sciences. Volume 95, No. 11, 2008, pp. 1049-1054, doi: 10.1007 / s00114-008-0421-9
  • with Marlis Merbach, Georg Zizka and Brigitte Fiala. Termite catchers, rat hunters, manure collectors and composters. On the diversity and evolutionary development of pitcher plants. Scientific review. Volume 66 No. 9, 2013, pp. 445-454.
  • with Marlis Merbach, Georg Zizka and Brigitte Fiala. Why a tree ant learned to dive: An extraordinary partnership between animals and carnivorous plants . Senckenberg Nature Research Museum. Volume 143, No. 11-12, 2013, pp. 354-365.
  • with Wolfgang Dorow and Werner Gnatzy: Ants, defensive and tricky. From chemical weapons, bristle walls and stealth caps. In: Senckenberg. Nature - Research - Museum. Volume 144, No. 3–4, 2014, pp. 84–89, full text
  • with Joachim Moog: Survival strategies of rainforest ants. In: Biology in Our Time. Volume 45, No. 1, 2015, pp. 21-27, doi: 10.1002 / biuz.201510556
  • with various co-authors: Nematode associates and bacteria in ant-tree symbioses. In: Symbiosis. Volume 61, No. 1, 2016, pp. 1-7, doi: /10.1007/s13199-015-0367-6
  • with Andreas Weissflog, Eva Kaufmann: Ant gardens of Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) irritabilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) and Hoya elliptica (Apocynaceae) in Southeast Asia. In: Asian Myrmecology. Volume 9, 2017, pp. 1–16, doi: 10.20362 / am.009001

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Obituary notice on a private blog page
  2. ↑ Diving ants and diverse corals. On: senckenberg.de from May 18, 2015
  3. ↑ His doctoral thesis was published in 1964 under the title Hazard Alerts and Hazard Alerts in Social Hymenoptera in the Journal for Comparative Physiology 47: 596-655.
  4. ↑ Bert Hölldobler and Ulrich Maschwitz: The wedding swarm of the horse ant Camponotus herculeanus L. (Hym. Formicidae). In: Journal of Comparative Physiology. Volume 50, No. 5, 1965, pp. 551-568, doi: 10.1007 / BF00355658
  5. ↑ Prof. Dr. Ulrich Maschwitz passed away. On: ameisenportal.eu from July 26, 2018
    Appreciation on eusozial.de
  6. ↑ Joachim Moog et al .: Ant-plant diversity in Peninsular Malaysia, with special reference to the Pasoh Forest Reserve. In: Pasoh: ecology of a lowland rain forest in southeast Asia. Springer Press, Tokyo, 2003, pp. 459-494, doi: 10.1007 / 978-4-431-67008-7
  7. ^ Brigitte Fiala et al .: Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia. In: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Volume 66, 1999, pp. 305-331, doi: /10.1006/bijl.1998.0279
  8. ↑ Researched lazy ants. On: derstandard.at of April 5, 2004
  9. ↑ Hanns Christian Schroeder Hohenwarth Prize 2015. On: senckenberg.de , May 18, 2015
  10. ↑ Munetoshi Maruyama, Christoph von Beeren and Rosli Hashim: Aleocharine rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) associated with Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) I. Review of three genera associated with L. distinguenda (Emery, 1887) and L. mutabilis (Smith, 1861). In: ZooKeys. Volume 59, 2010, pp. 47-60 (2010), doi: 10.3897 / zookeys.59.510
  11. ↑ Schöller, M and V. Witte: A review of the genus Clytrasoma Jacoby 1908, with description of a new species collected within an ant-nest of Camponotus sp. In: Senckenbergiana biologica . tape 87 . E. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), 2007, ISSN  0037-2102 , p. 51-61 .
  12. ↑ Camponotus maschwitzi on antwiki.net
  13. ↑ Cladomyrma maschwitzi on antwiki.net
  14. ↑ Euprenolepis maschwitzi on antweb.org
  15. ↑ Dolichoderus maschwitzi on antwiki.net
  16. ↑ Gamasomorpha maschwitzi on senckenberg.de
  17. ↑ Sicariomorpha maschwitzi on the website of the American Museum of Natural History
  18. ↑ Exalloniscus maschwitzi on the website of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
    S. Taiti and F. Ferrara: Revision of the genus Exalloniscus Stebbing, 1911 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea). In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 94, 1988, pp. 339-377, doi: 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.1988.tb01200.x
  19. ↑ Adult fly mimics ant larva. On: whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com , September 2010
    RHL Disney, A. Weissflog and U. Maschwitz: A second species of legless scuttle fly (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In: Journal of Zoology. Volume 246, No. 3, 1998, pp. 269-274, doi: 10.1111 / j.1469-7998.1998.tb00157.x
    Munetoshi Maruyama, R. Henry L Disney and Rosli Hashim: Three new species of legless, wingless scuttle flies ( Diptera: Phoridae) associated with army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Malaysia. In: Sociobiology. Volume 52, No. 3, 2008, pp. 485-496.
  20. ↑ Paraputo maschwitzi on scalenet.info
  21. ↑ Malaiococcus maschwitzi on globalnames.org
personal data
SURNAME Maschwitz, Ulrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Maschwitz, Ulrich Wilhelm Jürgen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German biologist (entomologist and ecologist)
DATE OF BIRTH September 7, 1937
PLACE OF BIRTH Trebnitz , Lower Silesia
DATE OF DEATH July 25, 2018
Place of death Frankfurt am Main