Unzoned sulfur milkling

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Unzoned sulfur milkling
Unzoned sulfur milkling (Lactarius decipiens)

Unzoned sulfur milkling ( Lactarius decipiens )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Milklings ( Lactarius )
Type : Unzoned sulfur milkling
Scientific name
Lactarius decipiens
Quél.

The Ungezonte sulfur Milchling ( Lactarius decipiens , even Sharp sulfur Milchling or Rosa sulfur Milchling ) is a fungal art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized milkling with a white, pale yellow discoloring milk, the flesh of which smells of grated geranium leaves ( pelargonium ). The hat and stem are more or less pink-ocher in color. The fruiting bodies of the fungus appear between July and October in deciduous and mixed forests on more or less dry soils.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 2.2–5.5 (7.5) cm wide, at first arched with a slightly curved rim, then depressed until more or less funnel-shaped deepened. Often the hat has a small hump and the edge, which is smooth in youth, is sometimes slightly grooved or notched in old age. The smooth, matt surface is dry to slightly sticky and finely frosted when young. It is pink-ocher, in the middle darker to pinkish-brown or cloudy brick-red, the edge is sometimes pale salmon-colored. The colors will fade as they dry.

The lamellae are grown or run down easily, sometimes with a long tooth, on the stem. They are narrow to medium-wide, are rather crowded and are initially whitish and later increasingly flesh to salmon-colored. They are not or only rarely forked. The spore powder is creamy yellow.

The smooth, cylindrical stem is 1.5–5.5 (7) cm long and 0.5–1.3 cm wide and fully to pithy hollow. The surface is more or less dry and salmon-colored, clay-pink or cinnamon-colored and sometimes pale salmon-colored at the top.

The meat is fragile to medium firm and the handle is soft. It is off-white or tinged with pink. In the stem, the bark is colored like the surface. The meat tastes mild at first and then quite hot and unpleasant. The smell of grated geranium leaves ( pelargonium ) is very typical of the species . The white milk turns sulfur yellow within one to four minutes, regardless of the meat. It tastes hot and bitter.

Microscopic features

The almost round to broadly elliptical spores are on average 7.6–7.9 µm long and 6.5–6.6 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is 0.4–1.2 µm high and consists of more or less elongated warts and burr ribs that are connected to form a more or less complete network. Isolated warts occur scattered to numerous, the hillock is mostly inamyloid .

The mostly four-pore, slightly clubbed to bulbous basidia are 35–55 µm long and 8–12 µm wide and usually have 4 spores. The 40–90 (100) µm long and 6–9.5 µm wide pleuromacrocystids are numerous to common, narrowly conical to narrowly fusiform. The upper end is usually very pointed. The lamellar edges are heterogeneous, that is, between the basidia there are numerous spindle-shaped to awl-shaped cheilomacrocystids that are 25–50 (60) µm long and 4.5–8.5 µm wide. The tip is often slightly irregular and usually constricted in a pointed to slightly bead-like manner.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 30–100 µm thick (ixo-) oedotrichoderm made of irregularly intertwined and more or less upright hyphae ends, the cell walls of which are partially weakly gelatinized. The cylindrical hyphae ends measure 20–65 × 3–6 µm. The underlying hyphae of the subpellis are 13–15 (17) µm wide and often more or less inflated.

Species delimitation

The unzoned sulfur milkling can be recognized quite easily by its more or less strong pink color, the yellowish discoloration of the milk and the typical pelargonium smell. Under the microscope the long, slender and very pointed pleuromacrocystidia and the more or less strongly reticulated spores are particularly characteristic. Pale and somewhat dried out forms of the puddle milkling ( L. lacunarum ) or the fluttering milkling ( L. tabidus ), both of which also have a yellowing milk, can be confused with this milkling. Unlike the unzoned sulfur milkling, they occur in more humid to wet locations and also smell different. Microscopically, they differ in their spore ornament and their hat skin anatomy.

ecology

The Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that is associated with various deciduous trees. Most often it enters into a partnership with beeches, less often with oaks and in Switzerland also with chestnuts. Sometimes, however, firs and spruces can also serve as hosts.

The unzoned sulfur-milkling can be found in various deciduous and mixed deciduous forests. He likes heat-favored locations with more or less base-rich, dry to fresh soils. On the northern edge of its range it is very rare and only occurs in nutrient-rich deciduous forests. Further south it is less rare and can also be found on less nutrient-rich soils. The fruiting bodies appear solitary to gregarious between July and October.

distribution

Distribution of the unzoned sulfur milkling in Europe (green: countries in which the milkling was detected: white: countries without evidence; gray: countries without sources or countries outside Europe)

The unzoned sulfur milkling occurs in Europe and possibly also in North America (USA). In Europe, the generally quite rare Milchling has a more southern distribution focus and occurs mainly in Western and Central Europe. In Northern Europe the Milchling is largely absent, only in the extreme south of Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, Norway) it is very rarely found. It is widespread in Western Europe and is found in France, the Benelux countries, and all of Great Britain and Ireland. It is quite rare in Great Britain and Ireland overall, and somewhat more common in England than in the rest of the country. In Southern Europe there is evidence from Spain, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria and in Central Europe it occurs in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary.

Systematics

The unzoned sulfur milkling was described in 1885 by Lucien Quélet as Lactarius decipiens . In addition to the scientific name, there are other nomenclature synonyms . Lactifluus decipiens (Quél.) Kuntze (1891), L. rufus var. Decipiens (Quél.) Killerm. (1933) and L. theiogalus var. Decipiens (Quél.) Maire (1937). There are also other taxonomic synonyms. So also Lactarius theigalus within the meaning of Ricken and L. rubescens Bres. regarded as synonymous.

Inquiry systematics

M. Basso places the Milchling in the Lacunari subsection , which is within the Russulares section. The representatives of the subsection have a white, sulfur-yellow discoloration, a greasy-looking and only moist, greasy hat skin and a reddish-beige, reddish to olive-brown hat color. Heilmann-Clausen places the Milchling in the Russularia Fr. section , at Bon it is in the Tabidi section .

meaning

The sulfur milch is considered inedible because of its sharp taste.

swell

  • Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Synonyms of Lactarius decipiens. Quél., Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franc. Avancem. Sci. 14 (2): 448 (1885). In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved June 2, 2012 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 190-91 (English).
  3. ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 56.
  4. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 92 .
  5. ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. S. 271-73 .
  6. ↑ a b c Worldwide distribution of Lactarius decipiens. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved June 24, 2012 .
  7. ↑ a b Lactarius decipiens. Pilzoek database, accessed June 24, 2012 .
  8. ↑ a b Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online (PDF; 578 kB)).
  9. ↑ a b Distribution Atlas of Fungi in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved June 24, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
  10. ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Lactarius decipiens. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved June 24, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artportalen.se
  11. ↑ Reporting system for vekster: Lactarius decipiens. (No longer available online.) In: artsobservasjoner.no. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012 ; Retrieved June 24, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artsobservasjoner.no
  12. ^ Observado.org - Lactarius decipiens. Retrieved June 24, 2012 .
  13. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Lactarius decipiens. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved June 24, 2012 .
  14. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Lactarius decipiens. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved June 24, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Grid map of Lactarius decipiens. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on June 24, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / data.nbn.org.uk  
  16. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 293 ([cybertruffle.org.uk]).
  17. ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed June 24, 2012 .
  18. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Lactarius decipiens. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved June 24, 2012 .
  19. ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 517-523 (Italian).

Web links

Commons : Unzonter Schwefel-Milchling ( Lactarius decipiens )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
  • Lactarius decipiens. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 24, 2012 (English, photos and original French description).
  • Lactarius decipiens. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved July 30, 2012 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Unzonten Schwefel-Milchling).