Puddle Milchling
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Puddle milkling ( Lactarius lacunarum ) |
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| Lactarius lacunarum | ||||||||||||
| Quél. Romagn. ex Hora |
The puddle milkling ( Lactarius lacunarum , syn .: Lactarius decipiens var. Lacunarum ) is a type of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized, reddish-brown milkling with milk that turns pale yellow. The puddle milkling grows in damp places with mostly muddy subsoil under different deciduous trees. The mild to pungent tasting Milchling is inedible. The fruiting bodies often appear in large numbers from late August to mid-October.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 2–5 (7) cm wide, flat arched when young, but soon spread out and depressed in the middle. Old fruit bodies are deepened almost funnel-shaped and often bent wavy at the edge. The matt surface is smooth to fine-grained and slightly hygrophan . When wet, the hat appears dark red-brown, dry it pales orange-brown. The thin edge is initially smooth and later more or less furrowed.
The lamellae are pale cream-colored when young and later become increasingly reddish-ocher, sometimes they are yellowish discolored by dried milk droplets. The lamellas have grown wide on the stem or run down a little. They are only sparsely forked and their edges are smooth.
The cylindrical and quite short stem is 2–5 (6) cm long and 0.4–0.8 (1) cm wide. Young it is full inside, but it soon becomes hollow. The surface is smooth to slightly reticulated and deep orange-brown in color. With age it turns reddish brown from the base up.
The meat is cream-colored and often tinged with pink; it turns yellow when dried and a few minutes after cutting. It smells slightly fruity and tastes mild to pungent. The milk is white and hardly discolored on a white cloth, but dries light yellow in combination with the meat and tastes mild to bitter.
Microscopic features
The rounded to elliptical spores are on average 6.8–7.4 µm long and 5.5–6.1 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1-1.4. The spore ornament is between 0.5–1.2 (1.5) µm high and consists of individual, sometimes burr-like elongated warts and short ribs, which are more or less network-like connected by finer lines. The hillock is inamyloid or amyloid in the outer part .
The cylindrical to bulbous basidia measure 30–50 × 8–10 µm and have four pores. The 30–90 µm long and 5.5–11 µm wide pleuromacrocystids are scattered to numerous. They are narrowly spindle-shaped or awl-shaped, often tortuous and pointed at the top. The numerous cheilomacrocystids measure 20–50 × 4.5–8.5 (11) µm. They are narrow spindle-shaped or lanceolate, often meandering and rather pointed at the top and sometimes constricted like a string of pearls.
The hat skin (Pileipellis) is an Oedotrichoderm , which consists of diverse, 7-30 µm wide hyphae . From this arise cylindrical to clubbed, 15–50 µm long and 3–8 µm wide hyphae ends. The subpellis consists of inflated, approximately 10-15 µm wide and sometimes almost isodiametric hyphae cells.
Species delimitation
The quite common flutter milkling ( Lactarius tabidus ) is very similar to the puddle milkling . It grows in comparable, but mostly somewhat drier locations. It differs through its lighter fruiting bodies and a mostly clearly veined-wrinkled middle of the hat. Microscopically, it can be easily distinguished by the more or less isolated warty spores and the predominantly rounded cells of the cap skin ( oedotrichoderm ). The unzoned sulfur milkling ( Lactarius decipiens ) is also similar. It has a slightly more yellowing milk and grows together with oak or red beech in drier locations. Its spores are larger and clearly ornamented, and the hat skin also has a different anatomy.
ecology
The Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. Its most important hosts are probably alder, birch, aspen and poplar.
The Milchling grows in damp places and often on muddy ground. So you can find it in dried up ponds, in muddy hollows, ditches and lowlands. It often grows under willows and alders, in moist to periodically flooded or partially muddy alder swamps and birch quarries or in softwood meadows and poplar plantations. It likes groundwater, more or less alkaline and nutrient-rich floodplain, gley, pseudogleybean soils, but it also occurs on other organic garbage soils.
The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious from late August to mid-October. You can find the Milchling from the lowlands to the mountains.
distribution
The puddle milkling was found in North Asia (Siberia), North Africa (Morocco), North America (Mexico) and Europe. In Western Europe, the Milchling occurs in France, the Netherlands, Great Britain and Iceland. In Great Britain it is particularly common in Northern Ireland and Scotland, but also in South Hampshire (England) and the fungus is also quite common in the Netherlands. The puddle puff is also found in all of Central Europe, but is very scattered to rare here. It is somewhat more common in southern Northern Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) than in Central Europe, but is absent in the north of all of Fennoscandinavia . In Estonia, the Milchling is said to be quite common in the corresponding locations.
The puddle milkling is very rare and poorly distributed across Germany. But you can find it from the coast and the offshore islands to Upper Bavaria. Nevertheless, it seems to be a bit more common in northern Germany (Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein). The Milchling is also rare in Switzerland.
Systematics
The puddle milkling was described by Henri Romagnesi in 1938 as Lactarius decipiens var. Lacunarum . However, he did not add a Latin diagnosis to the description, so that the variety was not validly described according to the rules of botanical nomenclature. JE Lange , who had already found the Milchling in 1928 and described it as L. paludinellus Peck with reservations, upgraded Romagnesi's variety to the species as Lactarius lacunarum in 1940 . Since he gave Romagnesi's invalid described variety as the basionym , his new combination was also invalid. Thus, the species was only validly described by Hora, who described the Milchling again in detail in 1960 and also added a Latin diagnosis.
Inquiry systematics
Heilmann-Clausen places the Milchling in the Russularia section , while M. Basso makes it the type of her newly defined Lacunari sub- section, which is within the Russulares section. The representatives have a greasy, shiny, orange, red or liver-brown hat and a white, slowly yellowing milk and an almost mild to pungent taste.
meaning
The puddle milkling is not an edible mushroom.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 92 .
- ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 72.
- ↑ a b Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 198-199 (English).
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 408.
- ↑ a b Lactarius lacunarum in the PILZOEK database . In: pilzoek.de . Retrieved September 13, 2011.
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Lactarius lacunarum . In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org . Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 271-73 (English).
- ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius lacunarum. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved March 3, 2012 .
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Lactarius lacunarum . In: basidiochecklist.info . Retrieved May 20, 2012: Checklist of the British & Irish Basidiomycota
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Lactarius lacunarum . In: NMV Verspreidingsatlas Paddenstoelen online - verspreidingsatlas.nl . Retrieved May 20, 2012.
- ↑ Kuulo Kalamees: Checklist of the species of the genus Lactarius (Phallomycetidae, Agaricomycetes) in Estonia . In: Folia Cryptogamica Estonica . tape 44 , 2008, p. 63-74 .
- ↑ Fungal Distribution Atlas - Germany (Lactarius lacunarum). In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved May 20, 2012 .
- ^ A b c Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . tape 7 : Fungi Europaei , 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , p. 48-63, 517-18, 528-33 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 23-28 (English).
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius lacunarum. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius lacunarum. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007 ; accessed on November 9, 2016 (English, photos and original Latin diagnosis).
- Lactarius lacunarum. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on March 2, 2012 (Italian, good photos of the Puddle Milchling).