Flutter-Milchling
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Flutter Milchling ( Lactarius tabidus ) |
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The flutter Milchling or Flatterreizker ( Lactarius tabidus , syn. Lactarius theiogalus ) is a fungal art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). The rather small Milchling has an ocher to orange-brown colored hat and tastes mild to pungent. It has a watery-white milk that turns sulfur-yellow after a while in contact with air. This color reaction has earned it the name Milder Schwefel-Milchling .
features
Macroscopic features
The thin-fleshed hat is 2–5 cm wide, initially arched, then spread out flat and finally slightly depressed to a flat, funnel-shaped recess. In the middle of the hat there is often a papilla , which is a wart-like or teat-like elevation. The hat surface is smooth or slightly wrinkled towards the edge. The hat is colored ocher-flesh-red to pale rust-red, in the middle it can also be more red-brown, while the edge is often cinnamon-yellow.
With age, the colors fade very spotty. When wet, the edge of the hat shows slight grooves, when dry it is often bumpy and wrinkled. The pale lamellas have grown on the stem or run down briefly. The spore powder is white.
The stem , 3–7 cm long and 0.4–1 cm wide, has ocher to flesh-colored tones, similar to the hat, and can become somewhat rusty with age.
The brittle meat is also pale ocher to flesh brown in color. It smells like a mixture of milk-oak and cherry-red spit-bling . The watery white milk turns sulfur yellow on a white paper handkerchief after a few seconds (name: Milder Schwefel-Milchling!). The meat tastes quite mild at first (name!), But has a bitter and pungent aftertaste.
Microscopic features
The round to broadly elliptical spores are 6–9 µm long and 5.5–7 µm wide. They are covered with 0.6–1.3 µm high, finely rounded to elongated or pointed warts that can be connected to one another by a few, thin lines or ridges. It is a very loose network with a few individual meshes. The basidia are cylindrical to club-shaped and measure 35–45 × 7.5–11 µm. Sometimes they only wear one or two but mostly four sterigms .
The numerous cheilomacrocystids spindle-shaped to awl-shaped, 20–50 µm long and 4.5–9 µm wide. The pleuromacrocystids, which are also spindle-shaped, 32–80 µm long and 6–10 µm wide, are few in number.
The cap skin is an epithelium and consists of round or isodiametric hyphae cells, often arranged like palisades, 9–22 µm long and 9–20 µm wide. In addition, there are individual, 15–30 µm long and 3–6 µm wide hyphal end cells that protrude from the hyphae.
Species delimitation
The Milchling can be confused with a whole range of yellow, ocher or orange-brown Milchling.
The mild milkling ( Lactarius aurantiacus , syn. L. mitissimus ), which is more uniformly orange in color, is relatively easy to distinguish . Its white milk won't discolour even on a white paper towel. The mild-tasting and similarly colored Sweet Milk Ling ( Lactarius subdulcis ) also has a pure white, non-discoloring milk. It occurs mainly in the beech forest.
It is much more difficult to distinguish between the various closely related representatives of the Tabidi section , such as the hot sulfur-milkling ( Lactarius decipiens ) and the puddle-milkling ( Lactarius lacunarum ). The puddle milkling has only slightly yellowing milk and occurs in damp places under willows and alders. Microscopically, the two species can be easily distinguished from each other by their different hat skin structure. The Sharp Sulfur Milchling is found more on dry soils in deciduous forests. Its fruit bodies clearly smell of geranium leaves.
The little flutter milkling ( Lactarius theiogalus ) looks like a slimmer form of the flutter milkling and is one of the most common peat fungi that can often be found in peat moss pads. Its spores are more isolated-warty. Some authors do not regard the Milchling as an independent species.
ecology
The-Flatter-Milchling, like all Milchlinge, is a mycorrhizal fungus that can partner with both deciduous and coniferous trees. Its most important symbiotic partner is the spruce , it is also found much less often under birch trees. But also alder , hornbeam , red beech , oak , fir and pine can serve as hosts in rare cases.
The fungus likes moist deciduous and coniferous forests. It is therefore found in shady spruce, fir and spruce forests as well as in spruce forests on moist to wet soils that are extremely poor in bases and nutrients. It is also found in bog berries-bog birch bog forests and on the edges of raised bogs. Occasionally it can also be found in corresponding spruce-beech, beech-fir, hornbeam-oak, birch-pedunculate oak, alder and birch break forests. As a high degree of moisture and acidity indicator, it is also a local differential species for boggy areas in different coniferous, mixed and deciduous forest communities.
The fruiting bodies appear from late June to November, and the fruiting bodies can occasionally be found until January.
distribution
The Flatter-Milchling is a Holarctic species native to Northern Asia (Eastern Siberia, Japan). North America (USA, Greenland) and Europe occurs. The Milchling is distributed submeridional to boreal . In Europe you can find it in the south on the Balearic Islands and in Spain, in the west from France to Great Britain and in the east from Estonia via Slovenia to Hungary. In the north it occurs in the whole of Fennoscandinavia and there in the north as far as Arctic-Alpine Lapland and northern Russia.
In Germany the species is moderately widespread, but occurs from the North Sea and Baltic Sea islands up to the high altitudes of the Alps. It is only rarer in the German arid and limestone regions. The species is typical for low mountain ranges with high rainfall. In Switzerland, the Milchling is not uncommon in wetlands and in Austria it is widespread and quite common.
Systematics
Some authors define the small flutter milkling Lactarius theiogalus ( Bull. ) Gray as an independent species. This should be slimmer than the Flattermilchling and preferably occur in the bog between peat moss. The spores should be more isolated warty.
meaning
Food value
The Flatter-Milchling is sometimes referred to as edible. However, it is not recommended and is only suitable for mixed mushroom dishes. Nevertheless, like the reddish-brown milkling ( Lactarius rufus ), it is one of the hot-tasting milklings that are specially prepared in Eastern Europe. To do this, the mushrooms are watered for a long time and then boiled. The cooking water is poured away and the mushrooms are then salted or put in vinegar or sour milk.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 92 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 200 .
- ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 427.
- ^ A b Roger Phillips: Lactarius tabidus. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on June 20, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 112.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 200-201 .
- ↑ a b Lactarius theiogalus in the PILZOEK database . In: pilzoek.de . Retrieved September 18, 2011.
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius tabidus. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved December 15, 2011 .
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 271-73 .
- ↑ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne, Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann, Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 978-87-635-1277-0 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 37-59 .
- ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius tabidus. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 4, 2012 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed March 4, 2012 .
Web links
- Lactarius tabidus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, photos and original diagnosis).
- Flutter-Milchling (Lactarius tabidus) . In: pilzseite.de . Retrieved March 4, 2012.