United States Under Secretary of State
The United States Under Secretary of State is an official of the third highest hierarchical level in the United States Department of State ( State Department ), comparable to the Head of the German Foreign Office. Historically, from 1919 to 1972 , the Under Secretary was the second highest ranking official in the ministry and thus the first deputy to the foreign minister ; the respective office holder was responsible for managing the ministry. This position was previously held by the Chief Clerk , the Assistant Secretary of State (in the historical official title) and, most recently, since 1913, the Counselor of the Department of State .
Development of the office since 1972 until today
As part of the reorganization of the State Department in 1972, the position of the Under Secretary of State was redefined. Previously there had been an Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs and an Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs at times ; these posts have now been made permanent. There was also an Under Secretary of State for International Security Affairs . Three other officers have been appointed over the years: the Under Secretary of State for Management (1978), the Under Secretary of State for Democracy and Global Affairs (1994), and the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs (1999). After some posts have been renamed, there are now the following six Under Secretaries / department heads:
- Political Affairs : William Joseph Burns through 2011, through 2015: Wendy Sherman
- Management : Patrick F. Kennedy since 2007
- Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment : Robert Hormats
- Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs : Judith McHale until 2011, since 2014: Richard Stengel
- Arms Control and International Security Affairs : until 2012: Ellen Tauscher , since 2012: Rose Gottemoeller
- Democracy and Global Affairs : Maria Otero (since 2009)
List of incumbents from 1919 to 1972
Surname | Term of office | served under the president |
---|---|---|
Frank Lyon Polk | June 1, 1919-15. June 1920 | Woodrow Wilson |
Norman Hezekiah Davis | June 15, 1920–7. March 1921 | Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding |
Henry Prather Fletcher | March 8, 1921–6. March 1922 | Warren G. Harding |
William Phillips | April 26, 1922-11. April 1924 | Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge |
Joseph Clark Grew | April 16, 1924-30. June 1927 | Calvin Coolidge |
Robert E. Olds | June 1, 1927-30. June 1928 | Calvin Coolidge |
Joshua Reuben Clark | August 31, 1928-19. June 1929 | Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover |
Joseph P. Cotton | June 20, 1929-10. March 1931 | Herbert Hoover |
William Richards Castle | April 2, 1931-5. March 1933 | Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt |
William Phillips | March 6, 1933-23. August 1936 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Benjamin Sumner Welles | May 21, 1937-30. September 1943 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Edward Reilly Stettinius | October 4, 1943-30. November 1944 | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Joseph Clark Grew | December 20, 1944-15. August 1945 | Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman |
Dean Gooderham Acheson | August 16, 1945–30. June 1947 | Harry S. Truman |
Robert Abercrombie Lovett | July 1, 1947-20. January 1949 | Harry S. Truman |
James Edwin Webb | January 28, 1949-29. February 1952 | Harry S. Truman |
David Kirkpatrick Este Bruce | April 1, 1952-20. January 1953 | Harry S. Truman |
Walter Bedell Smith | February 9, 1953–1. October 1954 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Herbert Clark Hoover Jr. | October 4, 1954-5. February 1957 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Christian Archibald Herter | February 21, 1957-22. April 1959 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Clarence Douglas Dillon | June 12, 1959-4. January 1961 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Chester Bliss Bowles | January 25, 1961-3. December 1961 | John F. Kennedy |
George Wildman Ball | December 4, 1961-30. September 1966 | John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson |
Nicholas deBelleville Katzenbach | October 3, 1966-20. January 1969 | Lyndon B. Johnson |
Elliot Lee Richardson | January 23, 1969-23. June 1970 | Richard Nixon |
John Nichol Irwin | September 21, 1970-12. July 1972 | Richard Nixon |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Organigram ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.