Subunit vaccine

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A subunit vaccine (engl. Subunit vaccine ) is a vaccine consisting of a part of a pathogen is.

properties

Subunit vaccines are proteins (e.g. hepatitis B vaccines , HPV vaccines ), glycoproteins , proteoglycans, and polysaccharides (e.g. one of the typhoid vaccines ). Subunit vaccines are either purified from the pathogens , produced as recombinant protein or produced by synthesis (e.g. by peptide synthesis ). Due to the lack of other components of a pathogen, the side effects tend to be lower, but also the immunogenicity , ie the strength of the induced immune response, can be lower. This may require more booster vaccinations.

In contrast to the subunit vaccines, all non-genetic vaccines (ie apart from the DNA vaccines and the viral vectors ) consist of inactivated , attenuated or split pathogens and thus of all parts of a pathogen. The subunit vaccines include the toxoid vaccines such as the diphtheria vaccine and the tetanus vaccine . Conjugate vaccines are derivatives of subunit vaccines for enhancing immunogenicity , such as the pneumococcal vaccine , which are coupled to adjuvants or immune cell binding molecules . Subunit vaccines are sometimes packaged by adsorption on micelles or by inclusion immobilization in liposomes (analogous to lipofection ) in order to extend the biological half-life or to be absorbed more intensively by certain immune cells.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ RM Bill: Recombinant protein subunit vaccine synthesis in microbes: a role for yeast? In: The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. Volume 67, Number 3, March 2015, pp. 319-328, doi : 10.1111 / jphp.12353 , PMID 25556638 .
  2. ↑ SB Sable, M. Kalra, I. Verma, GK Khuller: Tuberculosis subunit vaccine design: the conflict of antigenicity and immunogenicity. In: Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.). Volume 122, Number 3, March 2007, pp. 239-251, doi : 10.1016 / j.clim.2006.10.010 , PMID 17208519 .
  3. ^ JT Schiller, DR Lowy: Raising expectations for subunit vaccine. In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Volume 211, number 9, May 2015, pp. 1373-1375, doi : 10.1093 / infdis / jiu648 , PMID 25420478 , PMC 4400525 (free full text).
  4. ↑ A. Vartak, SJ Sucheck: Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers. In: Vaccines. Volume 4, number 2, 2016, p., Doi : 10.3390 / vaccines4020012 , PMID 27104575 .
  5. ↑ T. Trimaille, B. Verrier: Micelle-Based Adjuvants for Subunit Vaccine Delivery. In: Vaccines. Volume 3, number 4, 2015, pp. 803-813, doi : 10.3390 / vaccines3040803 , PMID 26426060 , PMC 4693219 (free full text).