Sub-canal ganglion

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The subterranean ganglion is a nerve cell node ( ganglion ) in the nervous system of higher insects . It is located in the head below the esophagus and is connected by two nerve cords, the pharyngeal connective , to the upper pharyngeal ganglion and by further connective to the ganglia of the following segments.

The sub-canal ganglion is formed from the three ganglia that supply the mouthparts . These are the mandibular ganglion (ganglion mandibulare), the maxillary ganglion (ganglion maxillare) and the labial ganglion (ganglion labiale), which are single ganglia in crustaceans and native insects. In some orders of insects, the sub-pharyngeal ganglion is fused with the posterior part of the upper pharyngeal ganglion, the tritocerebrum.

The term sub-metacarpal ganglion is also applied analogously to other arthropods , but the sub-metacarpal ganglion can include different segments there than in insects. In the prosoma of most arachnids , all of the aninicular ganglions are fused into a single sub-pharyngeal ganglion, which is connected to the upper pharyngeal ganglion by a pair of short, thick pharyngeal connectors.

In many crustaceans , too , the ganglia of the mouthparts (mandible, 1st maxilla, 2nd maxilla) come together to form a uniform sub-canal ganglion. Trunk ganglia can be attached to this sub-canal ganglion. This is particularly evident in crabs , where both the ganglia of the mouthparts and all trunk ganglia are fused into a single sub-pharyngeal ganglion, which is connected in front with the upper pharyngeal ganglion by a pair of long, slender pharyngeal connectors.

literature

  • Bernhard Klausnitzer: Insecta (Hexapoda), insects. In: W. Westheide, R. Rieger (Ed.): Special Zoology. Part 1: Protozoa and invertebrates. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart / Jena pp. 608 and 613.
  • Hans-Eckhard Gruner: 19th line Arthropoda. In: Hans-Eckhard Gruner (Ed.) Textbook of Special Zoology. Founded by Alfred Kästner. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena / Stuttgart / New York 1993, p. 27.
  • Hans-Eckhard Gruner: 1st class Crustacea. In: Hans-Eckhard Gruner (Ed.) Textbook of Special Zoology. Founded by Alfred Kästner. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena / Stuttgart / New York 1993, pp. 476–477.
  • Jean Chaudonneret: La phylogenèse du système nerveux annélido-arthropodien. In: Archive Zoologique experimentale et génerale. 119, 1978, pp. 163-184.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ labial ganglion. In: Herder-Lexikon der Biologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2003, ISBN 3-8274-0354-5 .