Substations of the Paris Métro
The substations (fr: sous-stations) of the Paris Métro were built at the beginning of the 20th century to ensure a uniform electrical voltage for the operation of the Métro.
history
When line 1 was opened in July 1900, the operating company Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP) did not yet have its own power station . It drew its energy from the three suppliers Le Triphasé d'Asnières , Westinghouse and L'Air Comprimé . In the two substations Étoile (underground) and Bercy, the three-phase alternating current of 5000 V supplied was converted into direct current of 615 volts.
In 1901, the company's own power station, Usine génératrice de Bercy, and other substations were put into operation. However, the metro accident in Couronnes station in 1903 showed u. a. the need to have multiple sources of energy supply. From 1906, the voltage of the alternating current, which was also obtained from third parties, varied between 10,000 and 13,000 volts at a frequency of 25 Hertz . It was converted into the required direct current by huge single armature converters in the substations . In 1927, the only CMP-owned power station, Bercy, was shut down again due to high operating costs.
Starting in 1903, 26 substations were built for the Compagnie parisienne de distribution d'électricité (CPDE), of which the architect Paul Friesé built over 20. The first was the Opéra substation, which was located in a business district and was designed accordingly. In the meantime, 14 substations have been demolished, seven have been modernized and continue to serve as such. The rest of them have been converted into office or residential buildings or are unused.
The following four substations are protected as a monument ( Monument historique ):
- 1903: Sous-station Opéra, 41, rue Caumartin in the 9th arrondissement
- 1908: Sous-station Temple , 36, rue Jacques-Louvel-Tessier in the 10th arrondissement
- 1911: Sous-station Bastille, 31, boulevard Bourdon in the 4th arrondissement
- 1912: Sous-station Auteuil , 2 bis, rue Michel-Ange in the 16th arrondissement
Sous-station Opéra from 1903
Sous-station Temple from 1908
Sous-station Auteuil from 1912
literature
- Jean Colson, Marie-Christine Lauroa (eds.): Dictionnaire des Monuments de Paris , Paris 2003 (1st edition 1992), ISBN 2-84334-001-2 , p. 383.
- Clive Lamming: Métro insolite , Parigramme, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-84096-190-3 , pp. 124-127.
Web links
- Sous-station Auteuil in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- Sous-station Bastille in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- Sous-station Opéra in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- Sous-station Temple in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jean Tricoire: Un siècle de métro en 14 lignes. De Bienvenüe à Météor . 2nd Edition. La Vie du Rail, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-902808-87-9 , p. 62 .
- ^ Clive Lamming: Métro insolite . 2nd Edition. Éditions Parigramme, Paris 2001, ISBN 978-2-84096-190-1 , pp. 122 .
- ↑ Jean Tricoire: op.cit , p. 60.