Vantablack

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Vantablack on aluminum foil

Vantablack is a substance made of directional carbon nanotubes that reflects extremely little incident light and is therefore deep black . It was known as "the blackest black in the world" and was developed in Great Britain in 2014 by Surrey NanoSystems for applications in the field of measurement technology and, among other things, for space travel and the military . The world record as the "darkest man-made substance" held Vantablack to October 2015. The name is made up of Vanta ( V ertically A ligned N ano T ube A rray, German vertically arranged nanotube grid ) and Black for Black .

structure

Vantablack 02.JPG

Each tube is 20 nanometers in diameter and 14 to 50 micrometers in length . There are a billion oriented carbon nanotubes on a surface of 1 cm². Thanks to this structure, the material absorbs up to 99.965 percent of the incident radiation. Incident light is directed into the structure, converted into heat and as good as not reflected. If a surface is treated with Vantablack, it loses its structure for the human eye and the feeling arises that one is looking into a hole or nothing. The surface appears two-dimensional. Vantablack can therefore not be seen.

The carbon nanotubes grow epitaxially at temperatures from 430 degrees Celsius and can thus also be applied to materials such as aluminum.

In March 2016, Surrey NanoSystems announced that there had been a further development of Vantablack. Vantablack 2.0 was developed by chance after improvements in an experiment and has an even blacker surface. This version should also be used for scientific purposes such as telescopes, infrared scanners and cameras, but also for space travel and the military.

Vantablack in art

BMW X6 "Vantablack" at the IAA 2019

The artist Anish Kapoor declared in the summer of 2014 that he wanted to work with Vantablack. In the meantime, for a very high price, he has secured the exclusive rights of use in the field of art. Kapoor has always been fascinated by deep, dark and rich colors. Yves Klein last patented the color recipe for the color International Klein Blue he developed himself in 1960 . In contrast, Kapoor did not secure the patent for a recipe, but the exclusive artistic right to use the color itself. Granting an exclusive right to use a color to an artist is highly controversial, especially since in this case an artist did not develop the color himself, but only secured the rights to it at an unpublished price with the help of his assets (over 130 million pounds) . Criticism came from other artists like Christian Furr or Stuart Semple , who would also like to work with Vantablack. In August 2018, a visitor to the Serralves Museum in Porto fell into a two and a half meter deep hole that the artist Anish Kapoor had installed and coated with the paint Vantablack, making it look like a (walkable) surface.

Surrey NanoSystems developed Vantablack S-VIS especially for use on complex shapes - and therefore better suited for use in art than the original Vantablack . This coating consists of short nanotubes that are sprayed on and chemically bonded to one another. Vantablack S-VIS reflects a little more light than the original Vantablack, which, however, can hardly be distinguished with the naked eye. The structure, however, is more suitable for three-dimensional objects. A bronze bust coated with Vantablack for a BBC One film was exhibited in the London Science Museum until June 2016 .

Yves Klein, IKB 191 - International Klein Blue

In December 2018 the Berlin rapper and lyricist Schwartz published a volume of poetry entitled Vantablack , in which the artificial black stands for the repressed in the unconscious .

At the International Motor Show in September 2019, the car manufacturer BMW presented the X6 with a Vantablack VBx2 paint finish. The model should remain a one-off.

See also

Web links

Commons : Vantablack  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Some Artists Are Seeing Red Over A New 'Black'. In: npr.org. NPR.org, March 3, 2016, accessed March 8, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Darkest manmade substance . Guinness Book of Records , October 19, 2015
  3. ↑ a b Robert Hofmann: New color "Vantablack": Blacker than any black before, March 4, 2016 . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . ( sueddeutsche.de ).
  4. ↑ a b FAQs | Surrey NanoSystems. In: surreynanosystems.com. Retrieved March 6, 2016 .
  5. ^ Vantablack: UK Firm Shows Off "World's Darkest Material". In: nbcnews.com. NBC News, July 14, 2014, accessed March 6, 2016 .
  6. ↑ The blackest black in the world . N24 , July 15, 2014; accessed on March 9, 2016
  7. ↑ Gazing Into the Void . In: The New York Times , November 5, 2014; accessed on March 9, 2016
  8. ↑ Vantablack, the world's darkest material, is unveiled by UK firm. In: scmp.com. South China Morning Post, July 15, 2014, accessed March 6, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Most blackest - black, blacker, Kapoor… Vantablack 2.0, March 7, 2016. In: 3sat .de. Retrieved March 8, 2016 .
  10. ↑ The blackest black in the world is now even blacker. In: vice.com . Motherboard, March 7, 2016, accessed March 8, 2016 .
  11. ↑ Jonathan Jones: Can an artist ever really own a color? In: The Guardian . February 29, 2016, ISSN  0261-3077 ( theguardian.com ).
  12. ↑ Florian Siebeck: Rights to "Vantablack" So much black painting . In: FAZ . March 6, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net ).
  13. ↑ Ultramarine Blue . In: Seilnacht's Lexicon of Pigments and Dyes ; Retrieved June 19, 2016
  14. ↑ Fanny Steckel: Anish Kapoor secures exclusive rights to the ultra-black material Vantablack . In: Monopol - Magazin für Kunst und Leben, March 1, 2016. Accessed June 19, 2016
  15. ↑ Vantablack: The blackest black belongs to Anish Kapoor, March 14, 2016. In: handelsblatt.com. Retrieved March 6, 2016 .
  16. ↑ Das Streiflicht , March 5, 2016
  17. ↑ Artist feud over super black: Anish Kapoor vs. Stuart Semple . Radio Ö1 Leporello , 11 January 2017
  18. ↑ Installation by Anish Kapoor in Portugal - Leap into the Black Hole. In: deutschlandfunk.de. Deutschlandfunk, accessed on November 15, 2019 (German).
  19. ↑ Vantablack S-VIS. A spray paint with incredibly low reflectance . Surrey NanoSystems
  20. ^ The One Show: Vantablack - Blackest Black in the World . BBC One , February 4, 2016; accessed on March 9, 2016
  21. ^ Vantablack is the new black . Science Museum blog, February 3, 2016; accessed on March 9, 2016
  22. ↑ Vantablack . Oh Je, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-947720-26-2 (volume of poetry)
  23. ↑ Arvid Kaiser: BMW X6 in Vantablack at the IAA: Blacker than black. In: manager-magazin.de. September 2, 2019, accessed September 21, 2019 .