Varlar Abbey
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The Varlar Abbey , often referred to as a monastery, was a Premonstratensian Abbey founded by the Counts of Cappenberg in the Münsterland. That the castle Varlar converted convent is in the peasantry Varlar in Rosendahler district Osterwick . The community there existed from around 1123/24 up to secularization in 1803. After that, the monastery passed into the possession of the Wild- and Rheingrafen zu Salm , who took over a large part of the extensive church property and for a short time also became sovereigns.
founding
There has been evidence of a main farm in the Höven farming community near Coesfeld since the 11th century . The farm was owned by a noblewoman Reimod. The Counts of Cappenberg were later owners. Otto von Cappenberg supported Lothar von Supplinburg against Heinrich V. After Lothar's defeat, Otto von Cappenberg , influenced by his brother Gottfried von Cappenberg , gave most of his property to the Premonstratensian order. The foundation was confirmed by Bishop Egbert von Münster . It is doubtful whether Benedictines have lived in Varlar before.
Economic basis
As an economic basis, Varlar had the main courtyards Varlar and Coesfeld. In the 13th and 14th centuries in particular, the monastery acquired additional properties. In 1249 it also received patronage over the church in Rhede . The associated bailiwick followed in 1338. At the end of the 14th century, 85 farms were under Varlar and at the end of the 18th century there were 440 interest goods.
Monastery life
As a community of regulated canons , the Premonstratensians of Varlar also took on tasks in pastoral care. They looked after the parishes of Coesfeld , Lette and Rhede. The monastery was also active in nursing. The processions organized by Varlar even attracted people from Holland. The Premonstratensians introduced modern methods of agriculture to the area.
The initial monastic breeding subsided over the centuries and the monastery developed into a care institution for later sons of the nobility. Approaches to reform in the 16th and 17th centuries failed.
In 1591 and 1643, the facility was badly damaged by looting and destruction.
Plant as a castle
The monastery was abolished by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803. The monastery complex and the property belonging to it fell to the Wild and Rhine Count of Salm- Grumbach , as compensation for the loss of his county on the left bank of the Rhine . The complex now served as the residence of the count's family, who were Protestant denominations. The independent rule ended again in 1806. The goods remained in the private ownership of the family, which was now called Salm-Horstmar . Friedrich August Karl zu Salm-Grumbach , who was raised to the Prussian prince's status in 1816 as Prince zu Salm-Horstmar, introduced various innovations. His successor was Otto Friedrich Carl zu Salm-Horstmar in 1865 . His son Otto Fürst zu Salm-Horstmar , temporarily President of the German Fleet Association and leading member of the so-called Pan - German Association, took over the property in 1892. From July 1948, the palace served as a residence for royalist Yugoslav officers, supporters of their last king, Peter II , who spent their retirement years in exile there in agreement with the English military government. After they moved out, the Salm-Horstmar family got the castle back, represented today by Philipp-Otto Fürst zu Salm-Horstmar.
Buildings
The complex was probably based on an older castle complex and consisted of upstream supply and economic facilities (outer bailey) and the actual monastery building and church (main castle). The complex was protected by graves .
The oldest monastery church dates from around 1030. It was a 5–6-bay, single-nave hall church with a polygonal choir and a southern sacristy building. In 1679 a new building took place in the same place.
The south wing of the complex was built in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1684 the east wing was built. In 1707 the outer bailey was rebuilt as a brick building. In 1709 the north-west wing followed.
Parts of the monastery complex were demolished in the 19th century. The church was also demolished in 1821. Further modifications to a palace complex followed in the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The east facade was redesigned in the classical style in 1828 by the architect Adolph von Vagedes .
literature
- Werner Frese (edit.): Documents and registers of the Premonstratensian Monastery of Varlar (1118-1782) . Coesfeld (Kreisheimatverein Coesfeld eV) 2016, 652 pp.
- Werner Frese: The beginnings of the Varlar Abbey and its priory in Deventer. Westfälische Zeitschrift 161, 2011, pp. 61–75.
- Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800–1800. Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, Münster 1982, ISBN 3-88789-054-X , p. 430 (exhibition catalog, Münster, Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, September 26, 1982 - November 21, 1982).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ferdinand Ranft: Faithful to death . In: Die Zeit , No. 51/1965
Coordinates: 51 ° 59 ′ 10.7 " N , 7 ° 10 ′ 45.3" E