Varroa jacobsoni

Varroa jacobsoni
Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans , 1904
Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida) Order : Mites (acari) Subordination : Mesostigmata Family : Varroidae Genre : Varroa Type : Varroa jacobsoni
Scientific name
Varroa jacobsoni
Oudemans , 1904

The species Varroa jacobsoni is a parasitic mite from the Varroidae family that lives on the larvae, adults and in the nests of the Eastern honeybees ( Apis cerana ) in East Asia and, in 2016, locally limited to the European honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) passed.

The Varroa jacobsoni is the type for the genus Varroa .

Mix-ups

In the past, mites were often mistakenly identified as Varroa jacobsoni . Particularly concerned the worldwide invasive species Varroa mite ( Varroa destructor ), which is seen as a separate species only since the year 2000. The two species could be distinguished by DNA sequencing of the gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1, subunit of COX ) in the mitochondrial DNA . Eleven haplotypes could be distinguished from Varroa jacobsoni and seven haplotypes from Varroa destructor . That is why the literature between 1952 and 2000 about the worldwide spread of Varroa jacobsoni is imprecise on this point.

It was not until 2016 that some strains of Varroa jacobsoni were found in Papua New Guinea during the successful adaptation to Apis mellifera .

Origin of name

The genus is named after the Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 BC), who wrote, taught and kept bees on agriculture. The species addition is named after the collector Edward Jacobson from Semarang , who found them living parasitically with honey bees and gave four females to the zoological museum in Leyden, which gave them to Oudemans for identification.

Occurrence

The mite was first discovered as a parasite of the subgenus of the eastern honey bee Apis cerana indica Fabricius , in 1798 (then called: Apis indica Fabricius ) on the island of Java . It was first described in 1904. It occurs in the temperate to tropical regions of eastern Asia.

In 2016, some strains of the Varroa jacobsoni mites, which are native to the island of Papua New Guinea, were found shortly after the successful transition to the European honey bee Apis mellifera during the stress of the adaptation phase. Researchers are studying the mechanisms of adaptation at the gene level in real time.

Life cycle and development

The species is ectoparasitic in all life stages and never occurs freely, but only in the interior of beehives of the Eastern honeybees or on the adult animals. The host colony is little or hardly damaged by an infestation.

Damage to European honeybees' nests cannot yet be definitively predicted because the adaptation has not yet been finally completed.

Web links

Commons : Varroa jacobsoni  - collection of images, videos and audio files

 Wikispecies: Varroa jacobsoni  - species directory

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} A. C. Oudemans: On a New Genus and Species of Parasitic Acari . In: Notes from the Leyden Museum . 24, No. 4, 1904, pp. 216-222.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} A. C. Oudemans: Acarologische Aanteekeningen XII . In: Entomological reports . 1, No. 18, 1904, pp. 160-164.
3. ^ Joel Hallan: Varroidae Delfinado & Baker, 1974 . Texas A&M University . Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Denis L. Anderson, John WH Trueman: Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) is more than one species . In: Experimental and Applied Acarology . 24, No. 3, 2000, pp. 165-189. doi : 10.1023 / A: 1006456720416 . PMID 11108385 .
5. ↑ ^{a b} Diana Sammataro, Uri Gerson, Glen Needham: Parasitic mites of honey bees: history Life, implications, and impact. In: Annual Review of Entomology. Vol. 45, 2000, pp. 519-548, doi: 10.1146 / annurev.ento.45.1.519 .
6. ↑ Denis L. Anderson: Variation in the parasitic bee mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud. . (PDF) In: Apidology . 31, No. 2, 2000, pp. 281-292 (p. 376, left column, center). HAL Id: hal-00891709 . doi : 10.1051 / apido: 2000122 .
7. ↑ Michel Solignac, Jean-Marie Cornuet, Dominique Vautrin, Yves Le Conte, Denis Anderson, Jay Evans, Sandrine Cros-Arteil, Maria Navajas: The invasive Korea and Japan types of Varroa destructor, ectoparasitic mites of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) , are two partly isolated clones. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London . Series B: Biological Sciences. Vol. 272, No. 1561, 2005, pp. 411-419, doi: 10.1098 / rspb.2004.2853 .
8. ^ Maria J. Navajas: Tracking the colonization history of the invasive species Varroa destructor . In: Maurice Sabelis, Jan Bruin (Ed.): Trends in Acarology. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress . Springer , 2010, ISBN 978-90-481-9836-8 , pp. 375–378 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-90-481-9837-5_61 ( google.com [accessed November 15, 2018]).
9. ↑ ^{a b c d} Nadja Podbregar: The second type of Asian Varroa mite has managed to change host: New danger for Europe's honey bees . In: natur.de . Konradin media. November 22, 2016. Retrieved on January 4, 2019: "Quoted from specialist article: BMC Genomics doi : 10.1186 / s12864-016-3130-3 "
10. ↑ AC Oudemans: Acarologische Aanteekeningen XIII . In: Entomological reports . 1, No. 19, 1904, pp. 169-174.
11. ^ Friedrich Ruttner: Apis cerana Fabricius 1793: 327 . In: Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1988, ISBN 978-3-642-72651-4 , ISBN 978-3-642-72649-1 (online version), p. 120–161 (on p. 120 and 121) , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-642-72649-1_9 ( springer.com [accessed November 15, 2018]).