Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans

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Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans 1904, drawing by Oudemans, from the Oudemans collection.
Female mite Laelaps hilaris Koch , drawing by Oudemans, from the Oudemans collection.
Female freshwater mite Piona nodata O.F. Müller , from the Oudemans collection.

Anthonie (Antoon) Cornelis Oudemans Jzn. (* November 12, 1858 in Batavia (today: Jakarta) ; † January 14, 1943 in Arnhem ) was a Dutch zoologist and founder of cryptozoology with the author name Oudemans , previously also with the author abbreviation Oudms .

Life

Oudemans was born in Batavia ( Dutch East Indies ), which is now Jakarta , as the son of the Dutch astronomer Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans and as the grandson of the Dutch teacher, poet and philosopher Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans (1798-1874) , after whom he was also named . His uncles were the botanist and mycologist Corneille Antoine Jean Abraham Oudemans (1825-1906), later known as Cornelis Antonie Jan Abraham Oudemans , with the author's abbreviation Oudem and the chemist, university director and co-editor of a journal Antoine Corneille Oudemans (1831-1895). His nephew was the Dutch entomologist Johannes Theodorus Oudemans (1862-1934), among other things, president of the Dutch Entomological Association ( Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging ). He used the patronymic abbreviation "Jzn" (for Jeanzoon , in German: son of Jean ) in his publications to better distinguish himself from family members with the same / similar name . He married Helena Johanna van de Velde on May 12, 1887 in Zutphen (born March 22, 1852 in Zutphen, † June 1, 1918 in Arnhem). After her death, he went to Arnhem on August 19, 1919, his second marriage to Aletta Amelia Louise Pilgrim (born October 10, 1869 in Arnhem, † September 30, 1920 in Renkum ), who died after 14 months. Both marriages remained childless. He then lived for 22 years with the unmarried geography teacher JB Bruyn, who took over the housekeeping for him, which allowed him to continue doing scientific research and publishing. In his spare time and as a retiree, he published a number of articles and books with a focus on acarology and cryptozoology .

He wrote his dissertation from 1885 on cordworms . In 1886 he became director of the Zoölogisch-Botanisch Genootschap te 's-Gravenhage and was thus director of the Hague zoological garden De Haagse Dierentuin . He was the last scientifically trained director of the zoo. His research as a serious scientist suffered as a result of his research into reports of giant sea snakes, which until then had only been considered a sailor's thread . Because of differences of opinion he left the post and in 1895 became a biology teacher at a grammar school in the Frisian city of Sneek . In the following year, 1896, he became a teacher at a Hogereburgerschool in Arnhem, where he studied as a pupil himself, and left when he retired in 1927. One of his pupils in natural history was the later draftsman Maurits Cornelis Escher , at whose sympathy he could count.

Oudemans succeeded in discovering, sorting and first description of 194 species of mites, 731 species of mites and other zoological taxa, such as the genus Varroa Oudemans , 1904, the mite Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans , 1904, with the invasive varroa mite has long been confused, and the Schopfm declaration Lophocebus aterrimus ( Oudemans , 1890) (synonym: Cercopithecus aterrimus Oudemans , 1890).

Oudemans published 584 publications in Dutch, English, German and French. He extensively researched the mites (Acari), about which he wrote 322 publications and created a large collection of preparations as well as self-drawn illustrations. The longest series of articles comprised about 110 articles appearing in Entomological Reports . From 1926 he published a multi-volume work of around 5,000 pages for a critical examination of the sources and scientific descriptions of mites from 850 BC. Until 1850. Until he could no longer write, he worked on the unpublished fourth part of the series and wrote articles with new knowledge about mites.

He also researched animals about which there was little information or only eyewitness reports from non-specialist people. To this end, he moved in the field of today's cryptozoology and is seen as the founder or co-founder of this branch of research.

In 1892 he published his English publication The Great Sea Serpent , a scientific study of reports on sightings of giant sea snakes in all oceans. Oudemans concluded that such creatures might be a previously unknown elongated seal , for which he used the name Megophias megophias . The reception of this idea in academia was described by The Times in London as respectful but cold.

This publication damaged the reputation of the Zoological-Botanical Society of The Hague and the Zoological Garden, which he was director, and also damaged his scientific career. Later, the 'father of cryptozoology' Bernard Heuvelmans pointed out that the book The Great Sea Serpent was the root of the academic research field of cryptozoology.

With the book Dodo-studiën published in 1917 , he succeeded in providing a detailed summary of the sources and reports on the dodo , which died out in the 17th century , which he also commented on.

In 1933 he published a thin book on the Loch Ness Monster . In it he suspected that the creature recently observed was a related species of the mysterious sea serpent Megophias megophias .

He was a member of the Nederlandsche Phytopathologische Vereeniging (German: Dutch Phytopathological Society), today known as Koninklijke Nederlandse Plantenziektekundige Vereniging (KNPV, German: Royal Dutch Plant Pathological Society).

In 1942 he offered the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie (predecessor of Museum Naturalis ) its important collection of mites (Acari). The collection comprises 5981 slides, on which 1316 species are recorded. After his death in 1943, he bequeathed all of his drawings on mites to the museum.

Works (selection)

  • Critical Historically Overzicht der Acarologie: Eerste gedeelte: 850 BC Chr. - 1758. Brill, Leiden 1926, 500 pages
  • Critical Historically Overzicht der Acarologie: Tweede gedeelte: 1759–1804. Brill, Leiden 1929, 1097 pages
  • Critical Historically Overzicht der Acarologie: Derde gedeelte: 1805–1850. Volumes A – G, Brill, Leiden 1936–1937, 3381 pages

Confusion of names

The confusion of names often results from the abbreviations of names that are common in libraries and reference lists. The Oudemans family had special rules for abbreviation of first names.

abbreviation Abbreviation in references Surname
AC Oudemans Oudemans, AC Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans (1798–1874)
AC Oudemans Jr. Oudemans, AC Jr. Antoine Corneille Oudemans (1831–1895)
AC Oudemans, Jzn. Oudemans, AC Jzn. Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans (1858–1943)
JAC Oudemans Oudemans, JAC Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans (1827-1906)
CA Oudemans Oudemans, CA Cornelis Antonie Oudemans (1890-1958)

Web links

Commons : Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
 Wikispecies: Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans  - Species index

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o G. L. Van Eyndhoven: In memoriam Dr. AC Oudemans. In: Tijdschrift voor entomologie. De Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, 86th year 1943, 7 April 1944, pp. 1–56, (Dutch), accessed on 10 November 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h G. L. van Eyndhoven: Some details about the life and work of AC Oudemans. In: Acarologia . Volume 7, Issue 4, 1965, pp. 589-593, (English), Kurzbeschr . PDF (2 MB) , accessed on November 13, 2018.
  3. ^ A b Dino Brancato: Strange Creatures: The Creatures of Cryptozoology . Reprint 2014 of the 1st edition. Lulu Press, Morrisville (North Carolina) 2009, ISBN 978-1-312-31267-8 (English, google.de [accessed November 12, 2018]).
  4. ^ A b Bernard Heuvelmans: On The Track of Unknown Animals . 1st edition. Rupert Hart-Davis, London 1958 (English, French: Sur la piste des bêtes ignorées . Translated by Richard Garnett, first edition: Libraire Plon, Paris 1955).
  5. ↑ a b A. C. Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie: Derde gedeelte: 1805–1850: Volume D: Parasitengona Oudms. V. 1909. EJ Brill, Leiden 1937, pp. 1718-1998, (Dutch). Preview and excerpt , accessed November 12, 2018.
  6. ↑ Sebastiaan Hoogewerff : Antoine Corneille Oudemans . In: Recueil des travaux chimiques des Pays-Bas . 15, 1896, pp. 288-321.
  7. ↑ a b Antonie Cornelis Oudemans, Jzn .: Bijdrage tot de kennis van het bloedvaatstelsel en de nephridia der Nemertinen. (Dissertation to obtain a doctorate in biology and zoology), Rijks-Universiteit te Utrecht, PW van de Weijer, Utrecht 1885, doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.46883 , BHL , accessed on November 10, 2018.
  8. ↑ a b WP: DE Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans # family
  9. ^ WP: NL Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Herman Reichenbach: Lost Menageries: Why and how Zoos disappear (Part 2). ( Memento of December 14, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) In: International Zoo News. Volume 49/4, No. 317, June 2002.
  11. ↑ a b Theo Paijmans: The siren song of the sea serpent . In: Fortean Times . FT355, July 2017, ISSN  0308-5899 , p. 55 ( the-eye.eu [PDF]).
  12. ↑ Heemkunde Renkum (editorial): De Arnhemse jaren van Maurits Cornelis Escher. In: heemkunderenkum.nl. Stichting voor Heemkunde in de gemeente Renkum, January 21, 2015, archived from the original on December 6, 2015 ; Retrieved November 12, 2018 (Dutch).
  13. ↑ AC Oudemans: About two rare and one new species of monkeys in the zoological garden in the Hague, Holland . In: The Zoological Garden . AF 31, 1890, p. 266-269 ( archive.org ).
  14. ↑ a b c A. M. Buitendijk: Voorloopige Catalogus van de Acari in de Collectie-Oudemans . In: Zoological Mededeelingen . tape 24 , 1945, p. 281–391 ( naturalis.nl [PDF]).
  15. ^ AC Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie. Leiden 1926–1936 (8 volumes).
  16. ↑ a b Bernard Heuvelmans : In the Wake of Sea Serpents . 1st edition. Rupert Hart-Davis, London 1968, pp. 331 (English, 648 pp., French: Dans le sillage des monstres marins (1958) & Le Grand Serpent de Mer (1965) . Translated by Richard Garnett, first edition: Plon, Paris, two books combined into one; cites the review for Book The Great Sea-Serpents from The Times, London . January 4, 1893).
  17. ↑ AC Oudemans, Jzn .: The Great Sea-Serpent: An Historical and Critical Treatise . Brill, Leiden 1892 ( archive.org [accessed November 10, 2018]).
  18. ↑ AC Oudemans, Jzn .: The Great Sea-Serpent: An Historical and Critical Treatise . Arment Biological Press, Landisville, PA 2000, ISBN 1-930585-00-4 ( ulusofona.pt [PDF; 3.2 MB ; accessed on March 20, 2018]).
  19. ↑ Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans: Dodo-studiën. After aanleiding van de vondst van een gevelsteen met dodo-beeld van 1561 te Vere . In: Negotiations of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam . Tweede Sectie, Deel XIX, No 4, June 1917. Johannes Müller, Amsterdam 1917 (Dutch, archive.org [accessed November 10, 2018] 79 pages, 41 drawings on 15 plates).
  20. ↑ a b A. C. Oudemans: The Loch Ness Animal. Late EJ Brill, Leyden, 1934.
  21. ↑ Naamlijst van donateurs en leden van de Nederl. Phytopathological (plant knowledge) Vereeniging. In: Nederlandsche phytopathologische Vereeniging en Kruidkundig Genootschap DODONAEA te Gent (ed.): Tijdschrift over Plantenziekten . tape 18 , 1, 2 and 3 (in one booklet), June 1912, ISSN  0028-2944 , OCLC 610367092 , p. 8 .
  22. ↑ AC Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie: Eerste gedeelte: 850 BC. Chr. – 1758. EJ Brill, Leiden, 1926, 500 pages, (Dutch). Preview and excerpt , accessed November 12, 2018.
  23. ^ AC Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie: Tweede gedeelte: 1759–1804. EJ Brill, Leiden 1929, XVIII + 1097 pages, (Dutch). Preview and excerpt , accessed November 12, 2018.
  24. ↑ AC Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie: Derde gedeelte: 1805-1850: Volume A. Acari in het algemeen, Holothyroidea Reuter 1909, Mesostigmata Can. 1891. EJ Brill, Leiden 1936, 1-430 p., (Dutch). Preview and excerpt , accessed November 12, 2018.
  25. ^ AC Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie: Derde gedeelte: 1805–1850: Volume B: B. Ixodides. Leach 1815. EJ Brill, Leiden 1936, (Dutch).
  26. ^ AC Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie: Derde gedeelte: 1805–1850: Volume C: Tarsonemini Can. & Fanz. 1877, Stomatostigmata Oudms. 1906, Eleutherengona Oudms. 1909. EJ Brill, Leiden 1937, pp. 799-1348, (Dutch). Preview , excerpt , accessed on November 12, 2018.
  27. ↑ AC Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie: Derde gedeelte: 1805-1850: Volume E and F: Oribatei Dugès X 1833. EJ Brill, Leiden 1937, (Dutch). Preview and excerpt , accessed November 12, 2018.
  28. ^ AC Oudemans: Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie: Derde gedeelte: 1805–1850: Volume G: Algemeen Register. EJ Brill, Leiden 1937, pp. 2737-3381, (Dutch). Preview and excerpt , accessed November 12, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Oudemans, Anthonie Cornelis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oudemans Jzn., Anthonie Cornelis; Oudemans, Antoon Cornelis; Oudemans, Anthonie Cornelis Jeanzoon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch zoologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 12, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Batavia (today: Jakarta)
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1943
Place of death Arnhem