Persecution of Saarlouis clergy during the French Revolution

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Ludwig (Saarlouis), Former baroque church
Saarlouis, Former Augustinian monastery

As part of the religious persecution in the French Revolution , the Catholic Saarlouis parish of St. Ludwig , founded by the French King Louis XIV , was exposed to strong state repression. Numerous clerics from Saarlouis were particularly affected by these measures.

The historical sources report the following fates:

  • Mathieu-Nicolas Baudouin (born in Fixheim in Lorraine) refused to take the prescribed oath of loyalty and fled to German territory. He later went to Strasbourg and was granted an amnesty after taking an oath to recognize the republic on the 18th of Germinal XI (April 8th, 1803).
  • Christophe Justin Bichelberger was reported on 24 Floréal II (May 13, 1794) by the city administration of Sarrelibre and placed on the emigrant list by the department administration.
  • The recollect father Bogard from Sarrelibre was also placed on the list of emigrants on the 24th Florál II (May 13th 1794) by order of the municipal council.
  • Jean Capistran Kremer was on July 18, 1793 as an emigrant with the Franciscans in Trier.
  • The Augustinian Father Jean-Baptiste Dève, born in Saarlouis in 1753, who had made his profession in Metz in 1776 and returned to his hometown in 1790, was put on the list of emigrants in year II (1793/1794). As a result, a house search was ordered in his mother's apartment on Deutsche Strasse to look for the son who had gone into hiding. Dève reappeared in Metz in 1802 and asked for a pardon, which was finally granted to him by the prefect. From 1810 Dève worked as an assistant pastor in Gertingen and died there on July 8, 1814.
  • Augustinian Father Louis Bettinger fled to Trier in June 1793.
  • The prior of the Saarlouis Augustinian convent, Etienne Brivé, also fled to Trier in July 1793.
  • François Dommers, who had been a student at the Augustinian College in Saarlouis, fled to Trier, where he was ordained a priest in March 1791.
  • The Premonstratensian priest from Wadgassen, Matthias Fissabre, who was born in Saarlouis in 1761, emigrated to the Reich. In year X (1801/1802) he asked for a pardon from the French ambassador in Frankfurt am Main and was amnestied on 30th Thermidor XI (18th August 1803) after his return to Saarlouis. In the same year he became pastor in Waldwiese in Lorraine, where he died in 1843.
  • The Capuchin Father Nicolas-François Hein, who was born in Saarlouis, worked in Metz when the revolution broke out and then stayed for some time in the recollect monastery in Bolchen , from where he fled in 1792. Heim died in Saarlouis in 1804.
  • The Augustinian Father Johann Peter Jager, who was born in Saarlouis, made his profession in 1786 in the Augustinian monastery in Metz. He then studied philosophy and theology in Paris. He was ordained a priest in Paris in 1790. In the same year Jager returned home to Saarlouis. After stays in the Rhineland, southern Germany, Switzerland and Salzburg, he did not return to Saarlouis until the year X (1801/1802). From 1803 he was vicar in Saaralben before he worked in the Archdiocese of Salzburg from 1804 to 1807 . From 1807 he was assistant pastor in Kirweiler , 1810 in Ittersdorf , 1814 in Kedingen , where he died on December 1, 1825.
  • A native of Bolchen Lisdorfer Capuchin Father Jean Nicolas Cabe was due to the clandestine officiate on 1 Nivôse VI (21 December 1797) in Niederfillen arrested by the Department of Management on 18 Ventose VI (8 March 1798) for deportation to French Guiana sentenced . He died there on November 15, 1798.
  • Capuchin Father Eduard (Sébastien) Felcker asked the Metz Prefect for a pardon on 9th Prairial X (29th May 1802) and was pardoned on 1st Pluviôse XI (21st January 1803).
  • The native Saarlouis priest Contellée, a student of the Saarlouis Augustinerkolleg, studied in Trier and was ordained a priest there before he went to Büdesheim as vicar . When he returned to Saarlouis due to the death of his father in III (1794/1795), he was arrested as an oath-refusing priest and imprisoned in Metz. At court hearings in V (1796/1797) Contellée confessed to having carried out religious acts in the area of ​​Busendorf. His further fate is not known.
  • The secular priest Nicolas Gannes was put on the list of emigrants on the 24th Floréal II (March 13th 1794) following an advertisement from the Sarrelibre city council.
  • Born in Saarlouis on April 4, 1751 Priest Louis Hayer, who at the major seminary in Poitiers was a professor, was sentenced on 12 Germinal I (1 April 1793) for counterrevolutionary actions to death, and in the next day Niort on the guillotine executed .
  • The pastor of Ebersweiler in the canton of Busendorf (Bouzonville), who was also born in Saarlouis , Gaspard-Casimir Henry, was appointed to Paris on 7th Ventôse II (February 25, 1794) for alleged conspiracies with internal and external enemies of the revolution during the reign of terror of the welfare committee Sentenced to death and beheaded.

literature

  • Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Yearbook of the Society for Lorraine History and Classical Studies 22, 1910, p. 437.
  2. ^ A. Gain: List of émigrés déportés et condamnés pour cause révoluttionnare du département de la Moselle 1791/1800, Metz 1929
  3. ^ Jean-Baptiste Kayser: Une liste d'élèves de l'ancien collège de Sarrelouis , in: Revue ecclésiastique de Metz 1925, pp. 7-16
  4. ^ Yearbook of the Society for Lorraine History and Classical Studies , 22, 1910, and 34, 1925, pp. 329 ff, 1926; 35, 1926, p. 199 ff; 36, 1928, p. 135 ff.
  5. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, pp. 67-71.

Coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′ 57.8 "  N , 6 ° 45 ′ 5.4"  E