Treaty of Bongaja

The treaty or agreement of Bongaja ( Indonesian Perjanjian Bungaya ; Macassarian Cappaya ri Bungaya ) was signed on November 18, 1667 between Sultan Hasanuddin of Makassar or Gowa and Cornelis Speelman of the United East India Company (VOC). The treaty was drawn up after the VOC troops and their allies, u. a. the Bugian kingdom of Bone , who had defeated the Macassarian troops. Based on the content of the agreement, Sultan Hasanuddin officially recognized the VOC influence in the Macassarian territories. As a result, major restrictions were placed on Makassar to pursue its free trade policy. The contract stated that all Macassar traders needed a permit to do business in the regions controlled by the VOC. These were the areas of Buton , Makassar, Timor , Bima and the coasts of Java . In addition, Makassar's long-term trading partners, the Portuguese and the British, had to leave the city and all other Europeans were no longer allowed to stay or trade there. Sultan Hasanuddin continued to fight against the Dutch despite the signing of the treaty, which was very disadvantageous for his kingdom, until the fall of the main fortress Somba Opu in Sungguminasa , which protected the city center of Makassar.

Since the Macassarian traders practically no longer had any trade relations due to the contract with the ports controlled by the VOC, the ports lost their economic importance; consequently, less money flowed into the coffers of the Dutch. After the visit by Governor General Van der Cappellen to rebuild the trade relationship with the Bugian and Macassar kingdoms, the Treaty of Bongaja was revised on August 7, 1824 by the "Bongaja Agreement to Udjung Pandang" ( Dutch Het Bongaa Contract te Oedjoeng Pandang ). The new agreement also promoted the cultivation of crops in the area, the income from which was mainly used to finance the Dutch participation in the war in Europe.

literature

• Holk H. Dengel: Recent presentation of the history of Indonesia in Bahasa Indonesia: Development and tendencies of Indonesian historiography , Franz Steiner Verlag 1994, ISBN 978-3-515-06617-4 , p. 27
• Horst Lademacher : Phoenix from the Ashes ?: Politics and Culture of the Dutch Republic in 17th Century Europe . Waxmann Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3-8309-1683-3 , p. 353
• Jürgen G. Nagel: From city-state to colonial state . In: Horst founder, Peter Johanek: "Colonial cities , European enclaves or melting pot of cultures?" LIT Verlag Münster 2001, ISBN 978-3-8258-3601-6 , pp. 122–125 ( excerpt (Google) )
• Ross Marlay: Makassar . In: James Stuart Olson, Robert Shadle: Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism . Greenwood Publishing Group 1991, ISBN 978-0-313-26257-9 , pp. 381-382 ( excerpt (Google) )

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jürgen G. Nagel : From the city state to the colonial state . In: Horst founder, Peter Johanek: "Colonial cities , European enclaves or melting pot of cultures?" LIT Verlag Münster 2001, ISBN 978-3-8258-3601-6 , pp. 122–125 ( excerpt (Google) )
2. ↑ Ross Marlay: Makassar . In: James Stuart Olson, Robert Shadle: Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism . Greenwood Publishing Group 1991, ISBN 978-0-313-26257-9 , pp. 381-382 ( excerpt (Google) )
3. ↑ Colonies  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 4.2 MB). Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, February 27, 1859 (Dutch)  
4. ↑ 20TH MEETING. -30 NOVEMBER 1899 73. Approaches to amending and supplementing the law of November 17, 1872 and laying down the modalities for Indian customs duties and import duties on salt in the Dutch East Indies (in Dutch)