Shaggy vetch

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Shaggy vetch
Shaggy vetch (Vicia villosa)

Shaggy vetch ( Vicia villosa )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Sweet peas ( Vicia )
Type : Shaggy vetch
Scientific name
Vicia villosa
Roth

The shaggy vetch ( Vicia villosa ) is a species of plant that belongs to the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae). It is widespread in Europe, the Canary Islands , North Africa and Central Asia .

description

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Vegetative characteristics

The shaggy vetch is an annual herbaceous plant . Their stems and leaves are shaggy and hairy. The feathery leaves have six to twelve pairs of pinna leaflet . The terminal leaflets and neighboring pairs of leaflets are transformed into tendrils .

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. It is particularly noticeable for its long-stalked, racemose inflorescences , which contain 20 to 30 flowers. The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic at a height of over 1 centimeter and five-fold with a double flower envelope. The blue-purple petals stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly blossom. The shaggy vetch differs from the similar bird vetch ( Vicia cracca ) in that the plate of the flag is significantly shorter than the nail .

The legumes, which are brown when ripe, burst open in autumn and contain five to ten pea-like seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

As a legume , it binds nitrogen from the air through symbiosis with nodule bacteria in the roots .

Occurrence and use

The shaggy vetch is widespread in almost all of Europe, on the Canary Islands , in North Africa and Central Asia . It is a neophyte in many areas of the world .

It is found mainly on roadsides and in fields. There usually several plant specimens grow in high density on one spot. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Papaveretum argemones in the association Aperion spicae-venti. As a cultivated plant , it is used in the Landsberg mix for green fodder production. It is also used as a green manure plant .

Systematics

Vicia villosa belongs to the Cracca section from the subgenus Vicilla of the genus Vicia in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the legumes (Fabaceae).

There are several subspecies and varieties (selection):

  • Vicia villosa var. Gore
  • Vicia villosa Roth subsp. eriocarpa (house knot) PWBall ( Syn .: Vicia eriocarpa (house knot ) Hal. )
  • Vicia villosa subsp. pseudocracca (Bertol.) Rouy (Syn .: Vicia pseudocracca Bertol. )
  • Vicia villosa (in the strict sense), Hairy Vetch or sand-vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth subsp. Villosa )
  • Colorful vetch ( Vicia villosa subsp. Varia (Host) Corb. , Syn .: Vicia varia host , Vicia dasycarpa Ten. )

  • Stem with stipule

  • blossom

  • Clearly swollen calyx at the base

  • Unripe legume

  • Shaggy vetch in meadow vegetation

  • Inflorescence: the plate of the flag is significantly shorter than its nail. The inflorescence axis and the calyx are hairy protruding-shaggy.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 612.
  2. ↑ a b c d Vicia villosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 24, 2015.

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen. Interactive flora of Germany. Seeing - determining - knowing. The key to the flora . CD-ROM, version 2.0. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3 .

Web links

Commons : Shaggy vetch ( Vicia villosa )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files