Victor Duruy
Victor Duruy (born September 11, 1811 in Paris , † November 25, 1894 ibid) was a French historian and politician.
Life
Victor Duruy was educated in the École normal and left the same in 1833 to work as a history teacher at the Lycée Henri IV . After teaching at various high schools, he became inspector of the Paris School Board in 1861, then inspector general of secondary education and professor of history at the École polytechnique .
Through his participation in Napoleon III. In his work on Julius Caesar , he came into closer contact with the emperor, who appointed him minister of culture in 1863.
He developed a fruitful Reformation activity and carried out numerous reforms to improve the state education system. Under Duruy, the École pratique des hautes études was founded, physical education was introduced in secondary schools, and state secondary schools for girls were founded. Duruy also ensured the reintroduction of philosophical disciplines in the agrégation and made history and geography lessons compulsory in all elementary schools. Duruy was particularly committed to improving the reputation and income of elementary school teachers and tried to make schooling free of charge in as many communities as possible. In many areas Duruy initiated reforms that were completed under Jules Ferry in the Third Republic with the lois Ferry (1881–82, compulsory free and secular primary school for all children).
He also introduced the so-called Conferences littéraires , which are now spread all over France. His further and intervening demands, especially the introduction of compulsory schooling and free elementary education, met with the most stubborn resistance of the clerical party, which he was unable to break with the little support from the liberals. He had to give way to these attacks in the National Assembly and resigned in July 1869.
The French emperor made him a senator, the Greek Philological Society in Constantinople in 1863 an honorary member. In 1867 he was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences . Since 1886 he was an elected member of the American Philosophical Society .
Works (selection)
- Histoire des Romains (1843–44, 2 vols.);
- État du monde romain vers le temps de la fondation de l'empire (1853);
- Histoire de France (1852, 2 vols.); the one crowned by the French Academy
- Histoire de la Grèce ancienne (1862, 2 vols .; new edition 1874);
- Introduction générale à l'histoire de France (1865, 4th ed. 1884);
- Histoire des Romains jusqu'à la mort de Théodose (1870–79, 7 vols .; new illustrated splendid edition 1879–84, 7 vols.), From which the history of the Hertzberg Empire (Leipzig 1884 ff., 4 vols.) German was edited.
He wrote several volumes of the Histoire universelle published by him . In 1879 he became a member of the institute.
Web links
- Short biography and list of works of the Académie française (French)
- Literature by and about Victor Duruy in the SUDOC catalog (Association of French University Libraries)
Individual evidence
- ^ Members of the KNAW: JV Duruy. Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, accessed July 26, 2018 .
- ^ Member History: Victor Duruy. American Philosophical Society, accessed July 26, 2018 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Duruy, Victor |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French historian, politician and writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 11, 1811 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 25, 1894 |
| Place of death | Paris |