Viktor Amadeus III.
Viktor Amadeus III. Maria , Italian Vittorio Amedeo III. Maria (born June 26, 1726 in Turin , † October 16, 1796 in Moncalieri ), was King of Sardinia-Piedmont and Duke of Savoy .
origin
Viktor Amadeus III. was the eldest son of King Charles Emanuel III. of Sardinia-Piemont and his second wife Polyxena of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg . In 1773 he succeeded his father as King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy on the throne.
Act
Viktor Amadeus is described as conservative and deeply religious. When the French Revolution broke out in 1789, he sided with the royalists and came into conflict with the French Republic . In 1792 the revolutionary government claimed Savoy as the 84th department of France and temporarily assigned it the name Mont Blanc ; then Viktor Amadeus declared war on France. While Savoy and the county of Nice quickly fell prey to the French revolutionary army, the Piedmontese - with military support from Austria - were able to hold their own against Napoleon's Italian army for four years . But in 1796 the battles at Montenotte , Millesimo and Mondovi were lost in quick succession ; then France proclaimed the short-lived republic of Alba in Piedmont . With the Cherasco armistice , Sardinia-Piedmont left the first coalition and recognized the cession of Savoy and Nice to France, but received the occupied Italian countries back in return. In the same year Viktor Amadeus died of a stroke . He left a bankrupt and war-ravaged kingdom.
In 1793 the king donated the Italian Medal of Valor ( Medaglia d'oro al Valore Militare ).
Victor Amadeus III. was a great-great-grandson of King Charles I of England from the Stuart family. Therefore, after the Stuarts became extinct, the Jacobites derived their claim to the throne in direct male line for his son Charles Emanuel IV .
Marriage and offspring
On May 31, 1750, he married Infanta Maria Antonia of Spain in Oulx , who bore him the following twelve children:
- Charles Emanuel IV (24 May 1751 - 6 October 1819), King of Sardinia
- Carlotta Isabella (July 16, 1752 - April 17, 1753), Princess of Savoy
- Luisa Maria Giuseppina (September 2, 1753 - November 13, 1810) ⚭ 1771 King Louis XVIII. from France
- Amedeo Alessandro (born October 5, 1754 - † April 29, 1755), Duke of Montferrat
- Maria Teresa (born January 31, 1756 - † June 2, 1805) ⚭ 1773 King Charles X of France
- Maria Anna (December 17, 1757 - October 11, 1824) ⚭ 1775 Moritz von Savoyen, Duke of Chablais
- Victor Emanuel I (July 24, 1759 - January 10, 1824), King of Sardinia
- Maria Giuseppa (born November 21, 1760 - May 19, 1768), Princess of Savoy
- Maurizio Giuseppe (December 13, 1762 - September 1, 1799), Duke of Montferrat
- Maria Carolina (January 17, 1764 - December 28, 1782) ⚭ 1781 King Anton I of Saxony
- Karl Felix (April 6, 1765 - April 27, 1831), King of Sardinia
- Giuseppe Benedetto (October 5, 1766 - October 29, 1802), Count of Maurienne and Asti
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Charles Emanuel III. |
King of Sardinia-Piedmont 1773–1796 |
Charles Emanuel IV |
| Charles Emanuel III. |
Duke of Savoy 1773–1796 |
Charles Emanuel IV |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Viktor Amadeus III. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Viktor Amadeus III. Maria; Vittorio Amadeo II. Maria |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | King of Sardinia-Piedmont and Duke of Savoy |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 26, 1726 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Turin |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 16, 1796 |
| Place of death | Moncalieri near Turin |