Villa Rustica (Laucherthal)

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The villa rustica , a former Roman estate , is located northwest of Laucherthal , a district of the municipality of Sigmaringendorf in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg .

location

The remains of the northern foundation wall visible in the area

The overgrown, but still quite easily recognizable ground monument is located in the “Schmelzenhau” forest, near today's “Schludegrube”, behind the Princely Hohenzollern steelworks in Laucherthal. The farm buildings were on a formerly unforested and dry tongue of land, facing south or south-east. It fell south into the Luibental and east to the Lauchert river .

In antiquity, the estate was located in the Roman province of Raetia ( Raetia ), between a Roman long-distance road from Claudian times , the so-called Donausüdstraße , in the south and a pre-Roman ancient road, the so-called Salzweg, in the north. In the area of ​​today's Lauchert estuary into the Danube near Sigmaringendorf there was a ford used by the Romans, the course of which is followed by another Roman estate in Gewann Wachtelhau .

A connection between the location of the manor and stone ore finds in the surrounding clay and limestone cannot be ruled out. The mining of iron ore by Roman settlers is conceivable, as the Celts already used the frequent occurrence of floor polish for smelting.

Research history

In 1866, the manor was excavated and measured by the Hohenzollern Hofrat FA von Lehner, director of the Princely Fürstenberg Collections. The archaeological excavation unearthed remains of the stone foundation walls. The finding shows a Roman manor that existed from the middle of the 2nd to the beginning of the 3rd century AD and will probably have come to an end around the time of the first Alemannic advances around 233 AD.

grange

Schematic sketch of the Villa Rustica

During the excavations, the limestone foundations of the main building of a villa rustica facing east with its portico were revealed . This building is a typical risalit villa with two corner risalits which, with its side lengths of 23 m × 23 m including the presumed inner courtyard, took up an area of ​​around 530 m². A stone foundation of the inner walls, i.e. the rooms adjoining the front to the west, could not be determined. The archaeologist Hartmann Reim therefore assumes a timber frame construction for this part of the villa.

Other buildings on the property were largely destroyed by the post-Roman, pit-shaped floor ore mining and are beyond research.

Confirmation of findings and remains

The main building of the manor is located as an overgrown ground monument in a small clearing in the forest. The remains of the foundation walls are recognizable as such and a notice board from the Swabian Alb Association provides information about Villa Rustica. The found material is in the private prehistoric and early historical collection in Sigmaringen Castle . The ground monument is protected as a registered cultural monument within the meaning of the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Hertlein: II. Between Lake Constance and Danube . In: Friedrich Hertlein and Peter Goessler: The streets and fortifications of the Roman Württemberg. In: Friedrich Hertlein, Oskar Paret, Peter Goessler: The Romans in Württemberg. Part 2. p. 177. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1930.
  2. ^ Karl Dehner : Chronicle of Sigmaringendorf 1249-1912. 1912-1913.
  3. ^ Hartmann rhyme: Bingen. Main building of an estate. In: Dieter Planck (Ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg . Theiss, Stuttgart, 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1555-3 , p. 42.
  4. ^ Hartmann rhyme: Bingen. Main building of an estate. In: Philipp Filtzinger , Dieter Planck and Bernhard Cämmerer (eds.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg. 3rd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-8062-0287-7 , p. 245 f.

literature

  • F. Knickenberg: Remains from Roman times in and around Sigmaringen . In: Communications from the Association for History and Antiquity in Hohenzollern, vol. 26, year 1892/93. Liehner, Sigmaringen 1893, pp. 51–61, here p. 53.
  • Oscar Paret: The Settlements of Roman Württemberg . In: Friedrich Hertlein, Oskar Paret and Peter Goessler: The Romans in Württemberg. Part 3. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1932, p. 284.
  • Hartmann rhyme: Bingen. Main building of an estate. In: Dieter Planck (Ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg . Theiss, Stuttgart, 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1555-3 , p. 42.
  • Hartmann rhyme: Bingen. Main building of an estate. In: Philipp Filtzinger , Dieter Planck and Bernhard Cämmerer (eds.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg. 3rd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-8062-0287-7 , p. 245 f.

Web links

Commons : Portikusvilla Laucherthal  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 5 ′ 21.5 ″  N , 9 ° 16 ′ 17.3 ″  E