Violet Crown Nymph

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Violet Crown Nymph
Violet-crowned nymph, female

Violet-crowned nymph, female

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Thalurania
Type : Violet Crown Nymph
Scientific name
Thalurania colombica
( Bourcier , 1843)

The Violet Crown nymph ( Thalurania colombica ), also crown nymph called, is a species from the family of hummingbirds .

description

The males of the violet-crowned nymph are approx. 10 cm tall, the females approx. 8 cm. The male has a shimmering dark green color on the head and back. The belly and the upper part of the wings are brightly colored dark blue. The long beak, tail feathers, forehead, legs and shoulders are black.

The females of the species are bluish green at the head end, blending into blue at the back. The wings are blue and tapered to black towards the end. The chest is gray, the belly green.

Male of the violet-crowned nymph Female of the violet-crowned nymph
Male of the violet-crowned nymph
Female of the violet-crowned nymph

Way of life and distribution

The amount of food consumed daily - especially flower nectar - corresponds to approx. 50% of body weight. The species occurs in the wet forests and on forest edges from Mexico to Colombia and in the west of Venezuela . In the cool nights, the birds fall into a kind of cold rigidity in order to reduce their high energy requirements. You can regain your normal body temperature by extensive sunbathing in the early morning.

Distribution area (green) of the violet-crowned nymph

Brood

Like all hummingbird species, this species also builds bowl-shaped nests from intertwined grasses, which the birds attach to the end of long branches. Further details about the brood are not yet known.

Danger

Due to its wide distribution, the IUCN classifies this species as Least Concern .

Subspecies

So far, eight subspecies are recognized. Until recently, the green-crowned nymph ( Thalurania fannyi ) was considered to be an independent species because of the color of the skull and phylogenetic considerations. Later analyzes doubt this separation. The South American Classification Committee agrees and calls for further research on this complex issue.

  • Thalurania colombica townsendi Ridgway , 1888 - This subspecies occurs in Guatemala , Belize and Honduras .
  • Thalurania colombica venusta ( Gould , 1851) - This subspecies is common from Nicaragua to Panama .
  • Thalurania colombica colombica ( Bourcier , 1843) - The nominate form is present in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela .
  • Thalurania colombica rostrifera Phelps & Phelps Jr , 1956 - This subspecies is only found in northwestern Venezuela.
  • Thalurania colombica fannyae ( Delattre & Bourcier , 1846) - This conspecific species is distributed from Panama to the west of Colombia.
  • Thalurania colombica subtropicalis Griscom , 1932 - This subspecies is found in the valley of the Río Cauca and the adjacent Andes in western central Colombia.
  • Thalurania colombica verticeps ( Gould , 1851) - The subspecies is common in southwest Colombia and northwest Ecuador .
  • Thalurania colombica hypochlora Gould , 1871 - This subspecies is found in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru .

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier described the violet crown nymph under the name Ornismya colombica . He named Colombia as the site. Only later was the species assigned to the genus Thalurania , which John Gould introduced in 1848 for a subspecies of the swallow nymph ( Thalurania furcata viridipectus ). »Thalurania« is derived from the Greek words »thalos, τηαλοσ « for »child, descendant« and »ouranos, οὐρανός « for »heaven«. The specific epithet »colombica« stands for the country Colombia, the country from which the collector's item came. "Venusta" is derived from the Latin word "venustus" for "beautiful, delightful". The word "rostrifera" is a Latin word formation from "rostrum" for "beak" and "-fera, ferre" for "-bearing, to carry". "Subtropicalis" refers to the subtropical zone north of the 1,435 meter high mountainous landscape of Pirre in the province of Darién in southeastern Panama. "Verticeps" is derived from the Latin word "virens" (French: vert) for "green" and "-ceps, caput" for "-headed, head". »Hypochlora« has its origin in the Greek words »hupo ηθπο « for »below« and »khloros, χλωρός « for »green-yellow«. The word "fannyae" is dedicated to Fanny Wilson, the wife of Edward Wilson (1808–1880). Finally, "townsendi" is  dedicated to Charles Haskins Townsend (1859–1944), who on August 13, 1887 collected a male and June 18, 1887 a female type specimen on the Segovia River in Honduras.

literature

  • The great encyclopedia of birds. Orbis Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-572-00810-7 , pp. 191, 193 (translation from English).
  • Christopher M. Perrins (Ed.): The FSVO encyclopedia birds of the world. Translated from the English by Einhard Bezzel. BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 2004, ISBN 978-3-405-16682-3 , p. 356 (title of the original English edition: The New Encyclopedia Of Birds. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Description of the deux nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux-mouches de Colombie . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 6 , 1843, pp. 2 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 7, 2014]).
  • Adolphe Delattre , Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèce nouvelle de Trochilidèe, faisant partie de collections rapportées par M. Ad. De Lattre dont le précédentes excursions ont déjà enrichi plusieurs branches de L'histoire naturelle, et provenant de L'intérieur de Pérou, de républiques de l'Équateur, de la Nouvelle-Grenade et del'isthme de Panama . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 9 , 1846, pp. 305-312 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 7, 2014]).
  • William Henry Phelps, William Henry Phelps, Jr .: Three new birds from Cerro el Teteo, Venezuela, and Extensions of ranges to Venezuela and Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 69 , 1956, pp. 127-134 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 7, 2014]).
  • Robert Ridgway: Catalog of a collection of birds made by Mr. Chas. H. Townsend, on islands in the Caribbean Sea and in Honduras . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 10 , 1888, p. 572-597 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 7, 2014] 1887).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 16 , no. 180 , 1848, pp. 11-14 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 7, 2014]).
  • John Gould: On six new species of Humming-Birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 18 , no. 211 , 1850, pp. 162-164 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 7, 2014]).
  • John Gould: Trochilus (Thalurania) Verticeps . In: William Jardine (Ed.): Contributions to Ornithology . Samuel Highley, London 1851, p. 79 ( books.google.de ).
  • John Gould: Mr. Gould brought under the Notice of the meeting two new species of Humming-birds, which he believed to be new to science, and for which he proposed the names of Chaetocerus bombus and Thalurania hypochlora . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1870 . tape 3 , 1870, p. 803-804 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 7, 2014]).
  • Ludlow Griscom: The ornithology of the Caribbean coast of extreme eastern Panama . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College . tape 72 , no. 9 , 1932, pp. 303-372 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 7, 2014]).
  • Patricia Escalante-Pliego, Andrew Townsend Peterson: Geographic Variation and Species Limits in Middle American Woodnymphs (Thalurania) . In: Wilson Bulletin . tape 104 , no. 2 , 1992, p. 205–219 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 765 kB ; accessed on May 7, 2014]).
  • Thomas M. Donegan: Range extensions and other notes on the birds and conservation of the Serranía de San Lucas, an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 132 , no. 3 , 2012, p. 140-161 .

Web links

Commons : Violet Crowned Nymph ( Thalurania colombica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ Patricia Escalante-Pliego, pp. 205 ff
  3. ↑ Thomas M. Donegan, pp. 140 ff
  4. ^ Proposal (558) to South American Classification Committee Treat Thalurania fannyi and Thalurania colombica as conspecific
  5. ^ A b Robert Ridgway, p. 590.
  6. ^ John Gould 1850 (1851), p. 163.
  7. ↑ a b c Jules Bourcier, p. 2.
  8. ^ William Henry Phelps et al. a., p. 128.
  9. ↑ Adolphe Delattre et al. a., p. 310.
  10. ↑ a b Ludlow Griscom, p. 337.
  11. ^ John Gould (1851), p. 79.
  12. ^ John Gould 1871 (1870), p. 804.
  13. ^ John Gould (1848), p. 13
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 383
  15. ↑ a b James A. Jobling, p. 400
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 338
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 198
  18. ↑ Adolphe Delattre et al. a., p. 311