Volkswagen Type 122
| Volkswagenwerk AG | |
|---|---|
 Type 122 in a TS 8/8 |
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| Volkswagen Type 122 | |
| Production period: | 1950-1991 |
| Manufacturer: | Volkswagenwerk AG |
| Working principle: | Otto |
| Motor design: | Four - cylinder boxer engine |
| Valve control: | OHV valve control |
| Drilling: | 77 mm |
| Hub: | 64 mm |
| Displacement: | 1192 cm 3 |
| Mixture preparation: | Carburetor |
| Engine charging: | no |
| Power: | 18-25 kW |
| Dimensions: | 94 kg |
| Previous model: | none |
| Successor: | none |
The Volkswagen Type 122 is a four-cylinder gasoline engine from Volkswagen with a displacement of 1192 cm 3 , which was built from 1950 to 1991. It was used in vehicles such as the VW Beetle , the VW T1 and the VW Karmann-Ghia Type 14 and offered as an industrial engine, such as in portable pumps for fire brigades, in combine harvesters, in trolleybuses and as a compressor drive in cement silo vehicles.
technology
VW 122 is a four-stroke - gasoline engine with four cylinders in boxer arrangement and air cooling . It is essentially based on the 1131 cm 3 type 1 engine , from which it differs in that it has a larger bore of 77 mm. The piston stroke is 64 mm, resulting in the 1192 cm 3 displacement . If you look at the engine from the exhaust side, cylinder 1 is on the right at the front, cylinder 2 at the rear right, cylinder 3 at the front left and cylinder 4 at the rear left. The firing order is 1-4-3-2. Depending on the carburetor , fuel, compression ratio and regulator setting, the engine has an output of between 18 and 25 kW. A technically very similar engine is the 126 type, whose displacement is 1584 cm 3 .
Crankcase and crank drive
The engine's crankcase is cast from a magnesium alloy, the alloys AZ91 and AZ81 were used until 1968, then AS41 and AS21, which had been developed by Norsk Hydro and Dow Chemical in cooperation with the TU Hannover. The diameter of the stud bolts of the crankcase was reduced from 10 to 8 mm from 1975. Two individual cylinders made of gray cast iron are next to each other and share a cylinder head made of an aluminum alloy. The pistons, which are also made of an aluminum alloy, have steel inserts (autothermal pistons) and transmit the power to the crankshaft via connecting rods . The drop-forged steel connecting rods have an I-shaft; the connecting rod is just divided. The drop-forged crankshaft without counterweights has four bearings and flame-hardened bearing journals.
Valve train and engine operation
The crankshaft drives a camshaft located in the crankcase via spur gears , which actuates two valves per cylinder via tappets , push rods and rocker arms . The plate of the inlet valve has a diameter of 31.5 mm, that of the outlet valve is slightly smaller at 30 mm. The air-fuel mixture is from a downdraft carburetor of the type Solex 28 PCI or in the performance engines of a 28 PICT Solex conditioned before it flows through the valves in the cylinders. The throttle valve in the carburetor is operated by the throttle cable; with stationary engines by a speed controller that is driven by a Synchroflex toothed belt; the engine is available with both a centrifugal governor and a pneumatic speed limiter. The intake air is cleaned by an oil bath air filter. The engine's standard ignition system is magneto , but battery ignition is also available. The spark plugs were made by Bosch and Beru . The engine's flywheel also functions as a contact surface for the clutch's friction linings . It is provided with the toothing for the starter . The engine can also be started with a hand crank.
Lubrication and cooling
The motor has pressure circulation lubrication . The oil is sucked in from the oil sump by a gear pump driven by the camshaft and roughly cleaned via an oil strainer in the crankcase. Then the oil flows through an oil cooler to the lubrication points of the engine. An oil pressure valve opens when the viscosity of the oil (for example due to low temperatures) is too high for it to bypass the oil cooler. This causes the oil to heat up and its viscosity to decrease. The oil circuit holds 2.5 liters.
The engine is cooled with a radial cooling fan that is driven by a V-belt from the crankshaft . The fan is attached to the alternator's armature shaft, which is equipped with permanently lubricated ball bearings. In the versions without an alternator, the fan shaft has roller bearings that can be relubricated via grease nipples. The cooling air is drawn in by the fan wheel through an opening in the front of the fan housing and fed to the ribbed cylinders via air guide plates. The tension of the fan belt can be adjusted on the upper pulley with spacers. The amount of cooling air is regulated with a thermostat-controlled throttle ring in the fan housing.
Oils
The engine oil viscosity classes are listed below depending on the outside temperature.
| temperature | Single grade oils | Multigrade oils | Low-viscosity oils | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ° C | SAE40 | ||||||||
| 35 ° C | |||||||||
| 30 ° C | SAE30 | SAE20W-50 SAE20W-40 |
SAE15W-50 SAE15W-40 |
Low-viscosity oil VW standard 500 00 |
|||||
| 25 ° C | |||||||||
| 20 ° C | |||||||||
| 15 ° C | SAE10W-50 SAE10W-40 |
||||||||
| 10 ° C | SAE20 / W20 | ||||||||
| 5 ° C | |||||||||
| 0 ° C | |||||||||
| −5 ° C | SAE10W | ||||||||
| −10 ° C | SAE5W20 SAE5W30 |
||||||||
| −15 ° C | |||||||||
| −20 ° C | |||||||||
| −25 ° C | |||||||||
| −30 ° C | |||||||||
Technical specifications
General data
| Parameters | VW type 122 |
|---|---|
| Engine type | Four-stroke Otto boxer engine |
| Valve control | OHV |
| cooling | Air cooling with fan |
| Carburetor | Solex 28 PCI or Solex 28 PICT |
| Medium piston speed | 6.4 m / s at 3000 min −1 |
| Compression ratio | 7: 1 or 7.3: 1 |
| Bore × stroke | 77 × 64 mm |
| Displacement | 1192 cm 3 |
| fuel |
Carburetor fuel 86 RON (7: 1) Carburettor fuel 87 RON (7.3: 1) |
| Cooling air volume flow | 485 dm 3 / s at 3000 min −1 |
| Engine ground | 94 kg |
| Firing order | 1-4-3-2 |
| Sense of rotation | Counterclockwise |
| Valve clearance | 0.15 mm when the engine is cold |
| Oil capacity | 2.5 dm 3 |
| Ignition timing | 7.5 ° before top dead center |
Performance data (1950–1965)
| Parameters | VW Type 122/1 (1965) |
|---|---|
| Carburetor | Solex 28 PCI |
| Compression ratio | 7: 1 |
| fuel | Carburetor fuel 86 RON |
| Performance with 8% control accuracy | 21.33 kW at 3000 min -1 |
| Performance with 5% control accuracy | 20.23 kW at 3000 min -1 |
| Performance without speed controller | 22.8 kW at 3000 min -1 |
| Torque with 8% control accuracy | 69.63 N · m at 2000 min -1 |
| Torque with 5% control accuracy | 68.65 N · m at 2000 min -1 |
| Torque without speed controller | 81.4 N · m at 2000 min -1 |
Performance data (1960–1991)
| Parameters | VW Type 122/2 (from 1960) |
|---|---|
| Carburetor | Solex 28 PICT |
| Compression ratio | 7.3: 1 |
| fuel | Carburettor fuel 87 RON |
| power | 25 kW at 3600 min -1 |
| Torque | 82.38 N · m at 2000 min -1 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Volkswagen engine catalog . As of July 3, 2011
- ↑ a b c d Volkswagen: The operating instructions for the Volkswagen industrial engine Type 122, Type 126 A. P. 29th edition March 1985
- ↑ a b c Volkswagen: Changes after August 1965 . August 1966
- ↑ a b c Volkswagen: Type 122 - Type 126 A Instruction Manual . S. March 4, 1969. (English)
- ↑ Uwe Reuter: Motor housing designs in flat4.de. May 6, 2001
- ↑ a b c Volkswagen: Type 122 - Type 126 A Instruction Manual . P. 34. March 1969. (English)
- ↑ Uwe Reuter: Connecting rods - series versions in flat4.de. November 10, 1999
- ↑ Uwe Reuter: Valves and rocker arms in flat4.de. November 14, 2001
- ↑ Volkswagen: Type 122 - Type 126 A Instruction Manual . S. March 18, 1969. (English)
- ↑ Volkswagen: The operating instructions for the Volkswagen industrial engine Type 122, Type 126 A. P. 24-25. Edition March 1985
- ↑ Uwe Reuter: flywheel in flat4.de. November 9, 1999
- ↑ a b Volkswagen: Type 122 - Type 126 A Instruction Manual . S. March 5, 1969. (English)
- ↑ Volkswagen: The operating instructions for the Volkswagen industrial engine Type 122, Type 126 A. P. 14th edition March 1985