Wax crust relatives

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Wax crust relatives
Earth wax crust (Sebacina incrustans)

Earth wax crust ( Sebacina incrustans )

Systematics
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Wax crusty (Sebacinales)
Family : Wax crust relatives
Scientific name
Sebacinaceae
K. Wells & Oberw.

The wax crust relatives (Sebacinaceae) are one of two families of the order of the wax crust-like (Sebacinales) and belong to the class of the Agaricomycetes. The family contains 7 genera (as of 2014). The species that are widespread around the world live on the ground and usually only form inconspicuous fruiting bodies .

features

Although the Sebacinales only have simple morphological blueprints, they are characterized by a diversity that is unmatched by any other mushroom order. The species that develop fruiting bodies have longitudinally divided basidia and undivided pore caps ( parenthosomes in the Doliporus ). In contrast to the Serendipitaceae (formerly referred to as group B within the Sebacinales), which were previously in the same family, they have the gene sequence GTATGCYYGT and the 28s sequences CTTGRCCTCAAMTCGRGTA and AAACRCTT on the 5.8s rRNA .

distribution

The genera and species are distributed worldwide. The fungi are so universally distributed that no geographical distribution pattern can be identified.

ecology

The mushrooms live in the soil and are extremely diverse ecologically. In this way they can develop different types of mycorrhizae : Ectomycorrhiza, orchid mycorrhiza (for example with the avian nest root ), ericoid mycorrhiza and even jungermannioid mycorrhiza are known. The host range is very broad; the fungi have so far been found in 56 plant families, including mosses, ferns and seed plants. Due to its occurrence in agriculturally important species such as maize or wheat, the use of Sebacinales to promote growth and pest control in cultivated plants is being discussed.

Fruit bodies of the opal-colored wax crust.

Systematics

The mycologist Robert Bandoni examined the ultrastructure of the septa of the sebacinales using a transmission electron microscope and, based on the same Doliporus , placed the family in the relationship of the order of the ear-flap fungi (Auriculariales). Molecular genetic analyzes did not confirm this, however - the order Sebacinales is clearly independent. Presumably they form a sister group to the earth stars . In addition to the division of the Sebacinales into Group A (now Sebacinaceae) and Group B (now Serendipitaceae), the system within the order is currently largely unclear. The genera Efibulobasidium , Sebacina and Tremellodendron are not monophyletic. It was recently shown that the species Sebacina epigaea and Sebacina incrustans are not monophyletic and represent cryptic species .

The Sebacinales consisted of only one family for a long time, but are now divided into two families. The former group A forms the family of the Sebacinaceae, the group B the family of the Serendipitaceae . The Sebacinaceae therefore consist of the following genera:

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Franz Oberwinkler, Kai Riess, Robert Bauer, Sigisfredo Garnica: Morphology and molecules: the Sebacinales, a case study. In: Mycological Progress . tape 13 , 2014, p. 445-470 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-014-0983-1 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Michael Weiß, Marc-André Selosse, Karl-Heinz Rexer, Alexander Urban, Franz Oberwinkler: Sebacinales: a hitherto overlooked cosm of heterobasidiomycetes with a broad mycorrhizal potential . In: Mycological Research . tape 108 , no. 9 , 2004, p. 1003-1010 .
  3. ↑ a b Michael Weiß, Zuzana Sýkorová, Sigisfredo Garnica, Kai Riess, Florent Martos, Cornelia Krause, Franz Oberwinkler, Robert Bauer, Dirk Redecker: Sebacinales Everywhere: Previously Overlooked Ubiquitous Fungal Endophytes . In: PLoS ONE . tape 6 , 2: e16793, 2011, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0016793 .
  4. ^ A b c Franz Oberwinkler, Kai Riess, Robert Bauer, Marc-André Selosse, Michael Weiß, Sigisfredo Garnica, Alga Zuccaro: Enigmatic Sebacinales . In: Mycological Progress . tape 12 , 2013, p. 1-27 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-012-0880-4 .
  5. ↑ Kai Riess, Franz Oberwinkler, Robert Bauer, Sigisfredo Garnica: Communities of Endophytic Sebacinales Associated with Roots of Herbaceous Plants in Agricultural and Grassland Ecosystems Are Dominated by Serendipita herbamans sp. nov. In: PLoS ONE . 2014, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0094676 .
  6. ^ Robert J. Bandoni: The Tremellales and Auriculariales: an alternative classification . In: Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan . tape 25 , 1984, pp. 489-530 .
  7. Jump up ↑ Kai Riess, Franz Oberwinkler, Robert Bauer, Sigisfredo Garnica: High genetic diversity at the regional scale and possible speciation in Sebacina epigaea and S. incrustans . In: BMC Evolutionary Biology . tape 13 , 2013, doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-13-102 .

Web links

Commons : Wax Crust Relatives (Sebacinaceae)  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files