Wadi Howar
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Wadi Howar Yellow Nile |
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 The catchment area of the Nile in Sudan with Wadi Howar (center) |
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| Data | ||
| location |
 Chad Sudan
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| River system | Nile | |
| Drain over | Nile → Mediterranean | |
| source | North Hajjak 15 ° 0 '51' N , 23 ° 56 '20 " O |
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| Source height | approx. 990 m | |
| muzzle | at Al Dabba (Debba) coordinates: 18 ° 3 ′ 26 " N , 30 ° 56 ′ 55" E 18 ° 3 ′ 26 " N , 30 ° 56 ′ 55" E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 238 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 752 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 1.9 ‰ | |
| length | 400 km | |
| almost completely dried out | ||
Wadi Howar ( Wadi Howa ), also known as the Yellow Nile , is a wadi in Sudan.
course
The 1,100 km long river bed comes from Chad and forms the state border with Sudan in the upper reaches . Here it separates West Darfur and the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti region. In the rainy season, it flows a maximum of 100 kilometers through the Sudanese state of North Darfur .
Climate history
During the so-called "green Sahara period", the Neolithic subpluvial (around 10,000 to 3000 BC), the Wadi Howar flowed into the Nile as the most important tributary of the Sahara in what is now the state of Ash-Shamaliyya near Alt Dunqula .
archeology
Archaeological sites such as B. the Napatan fortress Gala Abu Ahmed testify to the importance of the wadi in historical times.
Today's meaning
The upper parts of the wadi are still seasonal grazing for nomadic groups of the Kababish and Hawawir .
literature
- Stefan Kröpelin : For the reconstruction of the late Quaternary environment at the lower Wadi Howar (Southeastern Sahara / NW Sudan) - Late Quaternary Environments at the Lower Wadi Howar (Southeastern Sahara / NW Sudan). In: Berliner Geographische Abhandlungen . tape 54 . Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-88009-054-8 .
Individual evidence
- ^ University of Texas Libraries - Abeche Sheet ND 34, AMS 2, First Edition, 1943
- ↑ Rudolph Kuper: In the footsteps of the early shepherds . In: Aid . tape 15/2 . Theiss, 1999, ISSN 0176-8522 , p. 12-17 .
- ↑ Dieter Eigner, Friederike Jesse: A lot of new things in the West - The excavations 2008/09 in the fortress Gala Abu Ahmed . In: The ancient Sudan. MittSAG 20, 2009. pp. 141–158 ( PDF )