Stockholm Armistice Offer

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Europe in 1701

The Stockholm Armistice Offer on January 7, 1720 was a unilateral diplomatic initiative by Sweden to end the state of war with Saxony-Poland in the Great Northern War .

background

Saxony invaded Swedish Livonia with the Saxon Army in 1700 , triggering the Great Northern War. Saxony had to conclude the Altranstädter peace with Sweden in 1706 and withdrew from the war against Sweden. After the Swedish defeat in the Russian campaign of Charles XII. In 1709, with the Treaty of Thorn , Saxony-Poland re-entered the Nordic Alliance, which was directed against Sweden . On April 16, 1710, Elector August received the Polish crown back in exchange for extensive concessions to the Polish nobility . The Swedish provinces in northern Germany were lost by 1716 . The Swedish King Charles XII. refused peace talks. On December 11, 1718, Charles XII fell. at the siege of Frederikshald in Norway. His death opened the way to peace talks. In 1720 and 1721 peace agreements followed between Hanover and Sweden , Prussia and Sweden , Denmark and Sweden and Russia and Sweden .

In the course of the peace negotiations at the end of the Great Northern War, Queen Ulrika offered Eleonora August II an armistice. In this offer, she expressly selects the title "Friedrich August", expressing that the Saxon elector had regained the throne in 1710 through the appointment of the Polish nobility, but was still not recognized by Sweden. For August II, the recognition of the Polish royal dignity would have been tantamount to a revision of the Peace of Altranstädt . Nevertheless, Saxony-Poland does not seem to have accepted the peace offer. A mutual affirmation of the actual state of peace can only be found in April 1729.

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Sweden's desire for peace.

  • Article 1 Cessation of all hostilities with the aim of concluding peace.
  • Article 2 Mutual waiver of claims. Cooperation.
  • Article 3 Sweden recognizes August II as King of Poland (as do all future elected kings).
  • Article 4 Sweden reserves the right to represent Stanislaus I. Leszczyński's interests in peace negotiations.
  • Article 5 Poland issues an amnesty for Leszczyñski's supporters. Return of legitimate goods.
  • Article 6 Protection of Freedom and the Constitution of Poland.
  • Article 7 The provisions apply regardless of further peace agreements made by Sweden.
  • Article 8 A formal peace should follow. This is to confirm the peace of Olivia .

Approval and proposal by Sweden.

The signatories were Karl Gustav Dücker , Gustaf Adam Taube , Magnus Julius De la Gardie , Daniel Niklas von Höpken.

literature

  • Kalisch / Gierowski (ed.), Around the Polish Crown: Saxony and Poland during the Northern War 1700–1721, Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1962