Wandering Warbler
| Wandering Warbler | ||||||||||||
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Wandering Warbler ( Phylloscopus borealis ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phylloscopus borealis | ||||||||||||
| ( Blasius , 1858) |
The Arctic Warbler ( Phylloscopus borealis ) is a Nordic Singvogelart the Taiga and tundra of the genus Laubsänger ( phylloscopus ) in the family of Laubsänger-like . The warbler is a distinct migratory bird whose winter quarters are exclusively in Southeast Asia . According to the IUCN, the migrant warbler is not endangered ( least concern ).
features
The warbler reaches a height of about 12-13 cm and a weight of 7.5-15 g, on average about 10 g. It is one of the larger warblers and is similar in size to the wood warbler . In appearance it is similar to the green warbler , with which its distribution area also overlaps. Its appearance is that of a typical warbler, olive-brown above and whitish below, with a few small stripes on the chest. It also has a comparatively strong beak. His singing is characterized by rapid trills.
distribution
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The species is distributed in a broad band that extends from northern Norway through the entire boreal forest areas of Eurasia to western Alaska , making it the only warbler that also reaches the continent of America along with Alaska. The southernmost occurrences are in northern Mongolia , northeast China and possibly in North Korea (there are no reliable data). The natural habitat of the warbler are conifer and birch forests as well as strauchtundra. The species overwinters only in Southeast Asia. The wintering areas include the southeastern part of China, Indochina , the Indonesian archipelago and the Philippines . Since even the European and North American populations overwinter there, the warbler is one of the warblers with the longest migration route (up to 13,000 km one way). The winter habitats are there in tropical forests.
This songbird is a rarity in Western Europe. In the Netherlands there were ten confirmed sightings between 1935 and 1999, in Germany even fewer. Most of the evidence (around 200) is from the British Isles.
food
Like many other warblers , this species feeds on small insects and other invertebrates. The main part take up weakly chitinized insects such as mosquitoes , mayflies and stone flies as well as larvae .
Systematics
The species used to be divided into several subspecies. The nominate form P. b. borealis referred to the populations found in northern Europe , northern Siberia, and northeastern China. The subspecies P. b. kennicotti referred to the populations inhabiting western Alaska . The genetic, vocal and morphological distance between these two groups is so small that they are no longer differentiated as different subspecies today. The earlier subspecies P. b. examinandus , who settled Kamchatka, Sakhalin and Hokkaido and P. b. xanthodryas , which colonized the rest of Japan, are genetically so different that they were raised to the separate species Kamtschatkalaubsänger ( Phylloscopus examinandus ) and Japanese warbler ( Phylloscopus xanthodryas ). The wandering warbler is therefore monotypical according to the current system (2018) .
literature
- Urs N. Glutz von Blotzheim & Kurt M. Bauer: Handbook of the birds of Central Europe . Passeriformes (3rd part): Sylviidae, licensed eBook edition. Ed .: Urs N. Glutz von Blotzheim. tape 12 . Aula-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-923527-00-4 .
- Franz Bairlein : Family Sylviidae (Old World Warblers) . P. 670 In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and DA Christie: Handbook of the Birds of the World . Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2006, ISBN 978-84-96553-06-4 .
- P. Clement: Arctic Warbler ( Phylloscopus borealis ) . In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, DA Christie & E. de Juana, E. (Eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2018 ( hbw.com [accessed September 18, 2018]).
Web links
- Phylloscopus borealis inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018.1. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
- Phylloscopus-borealis in xeno-canto : singing and shouts
- Phylloscopus borealis at Avibase : taxonomic references
- Wandering warbler feathers
Individual evidence
- ↑ Phylloscopus borealis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- ^ P. Clement in HBW alive, Phylloscopus borealis
- ↑ a b c d Glutz von Blotzheim, p. 1069 ff.
- ↑ Dutch Avifauna: Avifauna of the Netherlands
- ↑ P. Alström, T. Ssaitoh, D. Williams, I. Nishiumi, Y. Shigeta, K. Ueda, M. Irestedt, M. Björklund, and U. Olson: The Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis - three anciently separated cryptic species revealed . In: Ibis . tape 153 , no. 2 , 2011, p. 395-410 .