Warren Plimpton Lombard

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Warren Plimpton Lombard

Warren Plimpton Lombard (born May 29, 1855 in West Newton , Massachusetts , † July 13, 1939 in Ann Arbor , Michigan ) was an American physiologist .

Life

Lombard was the son of Israel and Mary Ann (Plimpton) Lombard. His ancestors on both sides were among the early settlers in the New England states. He received his education in the public schools of Boston and Newton. He entered Harvard College , where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1878. Three years later he received a doctorate in medicine from Harvard Medical School .

On the advice of Henry Pickering Bowditch , then Dean of the Medical Faculty, Lombard first went to Weimar to learn the German language and then to Leipzig for two years, where he worked under Carl Ludwig on spinal muscle reflexes on the frog. With the help of an ingenious device that he had developed with the help of Ludwig's assistant and that could simultaneously record the contractions of up to fifteen muscles, it became known as Lombard's harp. After his return from Leipzig in 1885 no suitable position was available and he worked as an assistant for John Green Curtis in his laboratory in New York. Curtis paid him out of pocket. Lombard dedicated a year to research at Harvard and later at Johns Hopkins University . He then received an assistant position in physiology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York . In 1889 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Physiology at Clark University .

When Clark University got into financial difficulties, William R. Harper of the new University of Chicago used it to poach professors. Victor C. Vaugham of Michigan University courted Lombard for a lower cost of living in Ann Arbor, a salary of $ 2,200 and good laboratories, so Lombard agreed.

In 1892 he became professor of physiology and histology at the University of Michigan . This title was converted to Professor of Physiology in 1898.

In 1898 he traveled to Europe with $ 500 to buy medical equipment and brought along a kymograph that could record heartbeat and breathing. Lombard carried out his experiments, assisted by Wilbur Pardon Bowen and George O. Highley, among others, and offered Carl J. Wiggers $ 600 p. a. if he would teach the students of dental technology.

In March 1889, Lombard spent three weeks in the physiological laboratory of the University of Turin with Angelo Mosso . There he made progress with his experiments on the effects of fatigue on voluntary muscle movements. He presented the results of his investigation to the congress of physiologists in September 1889 in Basel.

Lombard often published his articles in scientific journals such as B.

He also wrote "General Physiology of Muscle and Nerves," for "An American Textbook of Physiology" (1896); and the article on electrical tone for the Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences (1900).

In the October 1907 issue of the American Journal of Physiology , Warren Lombard and FM Abbott published "The Mechanical Effects of the Contraction of the Individual Muscles of the Thighs of the Frog". Lombard and Abbott tried to explain how the muscles in the front and back of the thigh worked simultaneously when a person stood up from a sitting position. They analyzed the actions of twenty-two muscles of the thigh and hip.

In 1910/11 he took a sabbatical year and visited Maximilian von Frey in Würzburg, whom he knew from his studies in Leipzig. During this time Carl Wiggers headed the institute. Lombard gave him 2/3 of his own salary, the $ 3,000 p. a. amounted to. In Würzburg he discovered a method for observing the capillaries of human skin and measuring the blood pressure in the arterioles and capillaries. v. Frey worked on the determination of sensory points ("Spots") that respond specifically to touch: pressure and pain, as well as warmth and cold.

He was one of seventeen men who attended the inaugural meeting of the American Physiological Society (APS) in 1887. He had various roles in the society from 1893 to 1911 (e.g. treasurer) before he became the eighth president of the society (1919-1920). In 1920 the first international congress since 1913 was held in Paris but, to the displeasure of many Americans, the German and Austrian physiologists were excluded.

At the December 1917 meeting of the American Physiological Society in Minneapolis, Lombard and Otis Cope reported their research on the systole and diastole associated with a man's pulse.

Together with Vaugham, the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, he brought Michigan Medical School to a high profile and reputation beyond state borders.

Lombard's research included studies of the knee phenomena, muscle weakness, blood pressure and metabolism. He was best known for his ability to develop new techniques and devices.

He was a member of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, the American Association for Advancement of Science, and the university's research association. He was also a corresponding member of the Societe de Biologie and an associate member of the Societe Royale des Sciences Medicales et Naturelles in Brussels. He was also a member of the Michigan State Medical Society and the Red Cross in Ann Arbor.

In addition to his medical work, he was also very interested in art and, in his retirement, occupied himself with etchings, including from his summer residence Monhegan Island. His work has also been shown in solo exhibitions in New York, Chicago and Detroit.

He bequeathed his extensive medical library with collections of journals to the university.

Lombard married Caroline Cook on June 21, 1883. The marriage was childless.

Works

literature

  • Horace W. Davenport: Not Just Any Medical School. The Science, Practice, and Teaching of Medicine at the University of Michigan, 1850-1941 . Publisher: University of Michigan Press 1999. ISBN 978-0-472-11076-6

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Design for Warren Lombard's muscle harp, with frog; 1885
  2. ↑ Dr. Victor C. Vaugham
  3. ↑ KYMOGRAPHION (ORIGINAL DEVICES)
  4. ^ Publications by Wilbur Pardon Bowen in the internet archive
  5. ^ The Faculty in Photos Faculty Members of the University
  6. ↑ Elek | tro | to | nus, (Med.): Changed state of a nerve through which an electric current flows
  7. ↑ Warren P. Lombard and Otis M. Cope: Effect of position of body on the length of systole and diastole and rate of pulse in man . In: Exp Biol Med (Maywood) March 1919 vol. 16 no. 6, pages 97-98
  8. ^ The Michigan Alumnus, Volume 45--302
personal data
SURNAME Lombard, Warren Plimpton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lombard, Warren P.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 29, 1855
PLACE OF BIRTH West Newton , Massachusetts
DATE OF DEATH July 13, 1939
Place of death Ann Arbor , Michigan