Warty cartilage

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Warty cartilage
Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Polycnemoideae
Tribe : Polycnemeae
Genre : Cartilage Herbs ( Polycnemum )
Type : Warty cartilage
Scientific name
Polycnemum verrucosum
Long

The warty cartilage ( Polycnemum verrucosum ) is a species of the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It is common in Europe .

description

The warty cartilage grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of only 5 to 15 cm. It is branched from the base with delicate, prostrate stems that are often purple in color. The branches in the flower region are mostly twisted back and forth. Young shoot axes are fluffy and warty, later they bald. The tufted, heaped leaves are 3 to 8 (rarely up to 12) mm long, sub-needle-shaped and spiky.

The flowers sit individually in the axilla of a bract, which is two (to three) times as long as the flowers. The two lateral, dry-skinned bracts are about as long as the flowers. The inconspicuous flowers are hermaphroditic. The inflorescence consists of five dry-skinned tepals that are only 1.5 to 1.7 mm long. The flowering period extends from July to October.

The fruit remains enclosed by the flower cover. The black and clearly grained seed has a diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm. The ring-shaped embryo surrounds the nutrient tissue.

Photosynthetic pathway

Like all Polycnemum species, warty cartilage is a C 3 plant .

Occurrence and endangerment

The warty cartilage herb is common in Europe.

It grows in patchy rocky lawns or on rock heads, in arable weeds or in fallow land in the sub-Mediterranean or subcontinental climatic zone. In Central Europe it is a local character species of the Gageo-Veronicetum from the Sedo-Veronicion Association, but also occurs in societies of the Secalietea class.

The warty cartilage was very rare in Germany and only occurred in a few locations. Today it is considered to be extinct here ( Red List 0).

Taxonomy

The first description of Polycnemum verrucosum was performed in 1824 by Adolf Láng Ferenc in Sylloge Plantarum Novarum , 1, S. 179th

A synonym of Polycnemum verrucosum Láng is Polycnemum arvense subsp. verrucosum (Láng) Aellen .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 96 ( Polycnemum verrucosum ).
  • Erich Oberdorfer: Plant-sociological excursion flora . Stuttgart, Ulmer, 5th ed. 1983. Polycnemum verrucosum on p. 339.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Thomas Borsch, Kurt Weising & Helmut Freitag: Phylogeny of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae and the evolution of C 4 photosynthesis . In: International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 164 (6), 2003, pp. 959-986. [1]
  2. ↑ Entry at BiolFlor
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 341.
  4. ↑ Warty cartilage. In: FloraWeb.de.
  5. ↑ Polycnemum verrucosum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ^ Pertti Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Polycnemum verrucosum. Entry at Euro + Med Plantbase .

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