Wegmühle (Bolligen)

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Wegmühle Bolligen, the historic mill building
Campagne Wegmühle, Herrenstock

The Wegmühle is a mill first mentioned in 1275 with an associated campaign in Bolligen in the canton of Bern . It essentially consists of the mill building from 1787, the Campagne from 1669, the older mill buildings from 1613, and the grain silos from 1930 and 1964.

History of inheritance

The location on the former Reichsstrasse (Königsstrasse) to Burgdorf an der Worble gave the mill its name. In 1275 Heinrich von Seedorf donated the mill located below Bolligen, which is called Wegmühle, and the adjacent field to the Johanniterkloster Münchenbuchsee . In 1398 the farm was owned by the Unterspital in Bern and the infirmary and had grown to 30–40 Jucharten . As a fief, Cuno Lörtscher had to pay interest for mills, blue stains (graters for flax and hemp) and saws , as well as for houses, farms, fields and mats . In 1402 only the infirmary appears as the sole lord of the inheritance.

Campagne is inherited

In 1660 a patrician is named as the owner for the first time in the course of a dispute. Georg Steiger (1612–1686), Junker and former governor , sold the estate in 1663 to Jakob Tillier (1606–1676), monastery conductor and gentleman from neighboring Rörswil . He had the stately mansion built, which was depicted by Albrecht Kauw in 1671 with the note of Mr. Tilliers nöye behusung . In the cellar vault, the year 1669 attests to the year of construction. It went in 1725 to Abraham Lombach , former bailiff of Landshut and in succession to his daughter Christian Willading (1690–1751), councilor, Venner and bailiff of Baden. The millers and the tenants of the farm had to pay both the owners and the infirmary the fief and land rent. After Willading's death, the inheritance went to the governor and councilor Johann Rudolf Tscharner (1717–1789), owner of the neighboring Rothaus Campagne . In exchange for a land interest due to him in Allmendingen, he released the road mill from inheriting property. In 1769 Tscharner sold parts of the large estate and only kept the manor house with the surrounding Mattland as property. As further owners, Franz Rudolf Lerber (1757–1822) and 1795 Niklaus Albrecht Effinger (1735–1831), Mr. zu Wildegg, are recorded. The following owner, Alexander Albrecht Tscharner (1765–1831), sold the manor to Emanuel Rudolf Fellenberg (1780–1850) in 1821 . The manor house remained in the possession of the Fellenberg family until 1918, master miller Otto Walther (1875–1955) acquired it.

Business

After Tscharner divided the estate in 1769, Bern council members Karl Ludwig Niklaus Kirchberger (1744–1812) and Franz Salomon Wyss (1750–1817) bought the old mills and the saw with 4 Jucharten land to build a paper factory. The iron-poor water of the Worblen was particularly suitable for paper production, so the government approved, despite the objections of the owner of the paper mills "zu Thal" (today paper mill) and Worblaufen, as well as the competitor widow von Graffenried von Worb and the neighboring Mr. von Rörswil, on March 23, 1786 the new company. The office was to be reimbursed 60 kroner a year as interest on the fief, but the fief holders were allowed to have rags and glue collected throughout the Bern area. They were required to produce good and fine paper and make it available to the public and the authorities at a reasonable price . Hans Grossenbacher took over the farm from the original buyer Ullrich Neuenschwander in 1791.

Kirchbergersche paper factory

In 1786/87 the new masters built the large paper mill building as it is still today on the site of the former sawmill. The new paper mill started operations in November 1787. Wyss soon sold his share and Kirchberger became the sole owner. The factory went down in paper history under his name. The watermark of the first paper scooped up in the Wegmühle shows the initials K. & W. It is also known about the Wegmühle paper factory that it employed 20–24 workers. In the years after 1798 Kirchberger got into financial difficulties, so that in 1805 he sold everything that did not belong to the paper mill, namely the grain mill, the grater and saw with various buildings and the associated land. Despite this sale, Kirchberger went bankrupt in 1809 . On the day of validity, September 14, 1809, the paper mill was given to the highest bidder, Emanuel Rudolf Fellenberg.

Fellenberg paper mill

Emanuel Rudolf Fellenberg (1780–1850) was a grandson of Kirchberger and brother-in-law of Samuel Gruner, the owner of the paper mills "im Thal" and Worblaufen. He continued to run the factory and bought back the original land and the mansion. However, he had to cease operations as early as 1839 because of the growing competition from machine-made paper and the freedom of trade. His sons showed little interest in paper production and after his death Ferdinand Albrecht Fellenberg took over the mill building as his inheritance in order to set up an "art and trade mill".

Art and trade mill

The new mill consisted of the four-story main building, containing a large water wheel, seven grinding tunnels and a tube on two mill chairs . There was also a bakery, magazines for fruit, flour and krüsch (bran). A stately home for the miller, five servants' rooms, a stable for six horses and outbuildings completed the property. Ferdinand Albrecht Fellenberg let his three siblings cede the rest of the property (Campagne and farm) to him in 1856. With that the whole path of hardship was back together. In 1863 Fellenberg sold the mill to FGvon Lerber, who handed it over to Niklaus Masshard in the same year. After his death in 1876, master miller Johann Walther († 1879) bought the mill, and it is still owned by the family today. His nephew, the master miller Otto Walther (1875–1955), who came from the Schermenmühle Ostermundigen, was of great importance for the further development of the Wegmühle. He had become acquainted with the automatic grinding process in Germany and France and intended to introduce it into the Wegmühle and sell the Schermenmühle. The Wegmühle was better suited for the project because of the large building and better transport connections. In 1902 Otto Walther could begin. The following improvements and innovations include the rail connection to the Worblentalbahn , which opened in 1913, and the abandonment of horse-drawn vehicles in favor of a “Berna” motor vehicle. The conversion to fully automatic operation could only take place in 1920 because of the First World War . 14 electrically operated, double roller mills were installed and the mill was adapted to the higher requirements. In 1930 the 37 m high silo tower was built in the interests of national supply and in 1931 it was filled with 2500 t of grain within two weeks. The son of the same name Otto Walthers took over the mill in 1946. During his period of activity, the attached silo was built in 1963/64 with a height of 45 m and a capacity of 4400 t for the compulsory storage. Today the Wegmühle with its own laboratories and test bakeries is one of the best-equipped and largest mills.

The old customer mill in the Riegbau an der Strasse from 1613 remained an independent business after it was sold by Kirchberger in 1805. After several changes of hands, in 1855 the miller Ullrich Burkhardt from Huttwyl acquired "Reibe / Stampfe und Säge" and in 1863 the farm from FAFellenberg. His sons dissolved the common property again: Friedrich Binz, farmer in Ittigen, bought the farm. The saw became the sole property of Friedrich Burkhardt in 1896. The farmer's mill was run by fiefdom millers until 1925 when Otto Walther bought it and thus dissolved it.

Sawmill and power station

The sawmill owner Friedrich Burkhardt relocated the sawmill 400 m down the worktop after purchasing the required flooring, where he had more space. The water right on the old square was replaced by a new concession for the turbine system of the new power station. This low-pressure unit was one of the first in Switzerland. Burkhardt teamed up with the cardboard manufacturer Ullrich Jörg in Deisswil for the construction. In addition to the sawmill and the cardboard factory, electricity from the plant, which opened in 1899, also supplied the households in the area. In 1906 the power station was taken over by BKW . The generator was in service until 1962, when the plant was shut down. The sawmill was also closed in 1978.

The women's movement in the mansion

Before Otto Walther bought and moved into the mansion in 1918, it housed two important women of the Swiss women's movement from 1902 to 1918: Helene von Mülinen (1850–1924) and Emma Pieczynska (1854–1927). The two lived "together in a country house near Bern and functioned here to a certain extent as the center of the Bernese women's movement." During this time, the walled campaign with its park became a "place of pilgrimage for emancipated women from all over the world". In 1919 the two women moved to Wylerstrasse 10 in Bern.

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Wegmühle Bolligen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ IVS-gis BE 4.3.2
  2. ^ Thomas Schöpf, 1577, Chorographia Bernensis
  3. ↑ The infirmary ... Google book
  4. ↑ Manuscripts of the Burgerbibliothek Bern, lease contract with the fief miller David Zürcher von Rüderswil from 1747
  5. ^ Felix Müller: Effinger, Niklaus Albrecht (von Wildegg). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  6. ↑ valid day, day of auction
  7. ^ Christoph Zürcher: Fellenberg, Albert von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  8. ^ Terms of historical mill technology
  9. ^ Anina Eigenmann: Consumption instead of class struggle: The Swiss Social Buyers' League. In: New Ways 9.19, p 45, https://www.neuewege.ch/neue-wege-919-ni-dieu-ni-maitre?search=Hui

Coordinates: 46 ° 58 '8.8 "  N , 7 ° 29' 47.5"  E ; CH1903:  604407  /  202005