White-leaved ripe-deaf
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White-leaved ripe deafblings ( Russula azurea ) |
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The white-leaved ripe-deaf ( Russula azurea ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . It is also called the violet ripe deafbling . It is a small, fragile blubber with a mild taste, white spore powder and a purple to purple-colored frosted hat.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 4–8 cm wide, initially arched, later spread out or depressed. It is usually purple, bluish or purple in color, rarely it also has gray or olive tones. The center may be darker. The hat skin is dry matt and white flaky and can be peeled off completely when fresh. The edge is only slightly grooved.
The slats are rather crowded and often forked. They are attached to the steep, white and do not change color with age or injury. The spore powder is also white.
The white stem is 4–8 cm long and 1–1.5 cm wide. It is bulbous or club-shaped, full and firm when young, but often hollow with age. It is also flaky frosted.
The meat is white and tastes mild and bland. It turns bluish with sulfovanillin and orange with iron sulfate. The guaiac reaction is weak. The smell is insignificant.
Microscopic features
The oval spores are 8–10 (12) µm long and 6–7 (7.5) µm wide. They are comb-shaped and partially ornamented like a net.
Pleurocystides are very rare. They have thin walls and are more or less pointed or rounded at their ends. They are 55–75 µm long and 9–14 µm wide and only stain weakly with sulfovanillin. The basidia are 35–40 (56) µm long and 10–13 µm wide and have four sterigms.
The cap skin (epicutis) has typical 5–6 (8) µm wide hyphae end cells, which are often club-shaped or almost head-like and which are quite similar to those of the Chamaeleontinae . Pileocystides do not occur. The primordial hyphae are 6–8 µm wide, almost cylindrical with incrustations up to 3–5 µm in size . The ends are blunt and not frayed. The cap skin hyphae contain vacuolar pigment, but no membrane pigments.
ecology
The white-leaved ripening blubber is like all deafblings a mycorrhizal fungus , which in Germany mainly forms a symbiosis with spruce trees . At times he can also partner with Kiefern.
The white-leaved ripening blubber is typically found in mountain coniferous forests on strongly to weakly acidic, base-poor and nutrient-poor soils. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October and rarely earlier. The pigeons can be found from the hill country to the middle mountain country.
distribution
The white-leaved ripening bling is a Holarctic species that is distributed across three climate zones, from the meridonal zone with a Mediterranean climate to the boreal zone with a moderately cool climate. It occurs in Northern Asia (Asia Minor, Caucasus, Eastern Siberia), North America (USA), North Africa (Morocco) and Europe.
The Nordic- montane species occurs only very sporadically in the north German lowlands, north of the 52nd parallel. You can find them in Brandenburg, on Rügen and in southern Lower Saxony. To the south of it it is still very rare up to the 50th parallel, while south of the Main it increases in density and could be considered scattered in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg at least before 1975. On the Red List for Germany, it is listed in the risk category RL2. The species is mainly endangered by the liming of the forests and by excessive nitrogen input.
Systematics
The Latin species attribute ( epithet ) " azurea " means sky blue and is an allusion to the bluish-purple hat color.
Inquiry systematics
The white-leaved mature blubber is classified by Bon in the subsection Lilacinae , which is below the section Lilaceae . The subsection contains small, fragile species with hats of different colors, mostly between reddish and purple colored. The taste is completely mild, the spore powder is white.
meaning
The white-leaved ripening blubber is edible, but because of its rarity it does not play a role as an edible mushroom.
literature
- Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 548 (French, MycoBank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) [accessed February 6, 2014]).
- Russula azurea. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 6, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
Web links
- Synonyms of Russula azurea. Bres., Fungi Tridentini 1 (2): 20 (1882). In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 6, 2014 .
- Russula azurea. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 6, 2014 (English, original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula azurea. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on February 6, 2014 (Italian, photos of the White-leaved Ripe-Täubling).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Russula azurea. In: Species Fungorum /speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 60 .
- ↑ a b c under The Russulales Website ( Memento from May 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Russula azurea at www.cbs.knaw.nl (Engl.)
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- ↑ a b Russula azurea. Pilzoek database, accessed August 18, 2011 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula azurea. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula azurea. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Elias Polemis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. (PDF; 330 kB) Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 115 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, p. 16 ff , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
- ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula azurea. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Carleton Rea: British Basidiomycetae . A handbook to the larger British Fungi. Ed .: British Mycological Society. Cambridge: University press, 1922, pp. 461 (English, online ).
