White-forehead dove

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White-forehead dove
White-forehead dove, Costa Rica

White-forehead dove, Costa Rica

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Pigeon birds (Columbiformes)
Family : Pigeons (Columbidae)
Genre : Sounding pigeons ( Leptotila )
Type : White-forehead dove
Scientific name
Leptotila verreauxi
Bonaparte , 1855
White-forehead dove, Costa Rica
White-forehead dove, Brazil
White-fronted pigeon, Panama

The white-forehead dove ( Leptotila verreauxi ), also known as the blue-ringed dove , is a widespread species of pigeon birds . It occurs in numerous subspecies from North to South America. The term white- fronted pigeon is sometimes used in German for the white-headed pigeon that is widespread in Southeast Asia and belongs to the genus Henicophaps .

Appearance

The white-forehead dove reaches a body length of 28 centimeters. Its body size is between a laughing dove and a city ​​dove . The gender dimorphism is only very slightly pronounced.

White-forehead pigeons are inconspicuous pigeons. In the male, the underside of the body is light, the back is maroon and the tip of the tail is white. The forehead is white with a pink tinge. The skull is reddish gray to reddish brown. The rear neck is brown or gray with a pink and bronze-green to reddish tinge. In some subspecies, the eye ring is blue. However, there are also subspecies with red circles under the eyes.

Distribution, habitat and behavior

The white-forehead dove occurs from the southern states of the USA via Central America to South America. It is absent in Chile and in southern Argentina. It inhabits forest edges in arid and semi-arid areas. It also populates light forests and cultural landscapes.

White-fronted pigeons feed mainly on fruits. They also eat the seeds of grasses, cactus fruits and grains. Animal food also plays a role in their food spectrum. Unlike most pigeon species, it also eats larger insects such as grasshoppers and crickets. Fast, nervous head and tail movements when there is uncertainty and excitement are typical of the white-forehead pigeon. The tail is depressed and quickly turned up. These tail movements are often accompanied by synchronous head movements.

The white-foreheaded pigeon breeds in trees or bushes. The nest is large compared to other pigeon nests. The clutch consists of two cream-colored eggs. The incubation period is 14 days.

Subspecies

Thirteen subspecies are known:

  • Leptotila verreauxi angelica Bangs & Penard, TE , 1922 - This subspecies is common in southern Texas and northern and central Mexico .
  • Leptotila verreauxi approximans Cory , 1917 - This subspecies is common in northeastern Brazil .
  • Leptotila verreauxi bangsi Dickey & Van Rossem , 1926 - The subspecies is distributed from western Guatemala to western Nicaragua and Honduras .
  • Leptotila verreauxi brasiliensis ( Bonaparte , 1856) - This subspecies is common in the Guyanas and northern Brazil.
  • Leptotila verreauxi capitalis Nelson , 1898 - This subspecies occurs on the Marias Islands .
  • Leptotila verreauxi chalcauchenia Sclater, PL & Salvin , 1870 - This subspecies is distributed in southern Bolivia and across Uruguay and north-central Argentina .
  • Leptotila verreauxi decipiens ( Salvadori , 1871) - This subspecies occurs in eastern Peru via Bolivia and in western Brazil.
  • Leptotila verreauxi decolor Salvin , 1895 - This subspecies occurs from western Colombia to western and northern Peru.
  • Leptotila verreauxi fulviventris Lawrence , 1882 - This subspecies occurs from southeastern Mexico via Belize to northeastern Guatemala.
  • Leptotila verreauxi hernandezi Romero-Zambrano & Morales-Sanchez , 1981 - This subspecies occurs in southwest Colombia.
  • Leptotila verreauxi nuttingi Ridgway , 1915 - This subspecies occurs in Lake Nicaragua .
  • Leptotila verreauxi tobagensis Hellmayr & Seilern , 1915 - This subspecies occurs on Tobago .
  • Leptotila verreauxi verreauxi Bonaparte , 1855 - The nominate form is widespread from southwest Nicaragua to Costa Rica to northern Venezuela and the Netherlands Antilles and Trinidad .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Rösler, p. 211.
  2. ^ Burnie, p. 249.
  3. ↑ Münst, p. 169.
  4. ^ IOC World Bird List Pigeons
  5. ↑ Outram Bangs et al. a., p. 29.
  6. ^ Charles Barney Cory, p. 7.
  7. ↑ Donald Ryder Dickey et al. a., p. 110.
  8. ^ Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte (1856), p. 945.
  9. ^ Edward William Nelson, p. 6.
  10. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a., p. 633.
  11. ^ Tommaso Salvadori, p. 131.
  12. ↑ Osbert Salvin, p. 21.
  13. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 287.
  14. ↑ Hernando Romero Zambrano et al. a., p. 292.
  15. ^ Robert Ridgway, p. 107.
  16. ↑ Carl Eduard Hellmayr et al. a., p. 204.
  17. ^ Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte (1855), p. 99.

literature

  • David Burnie (Ed.): Birds. Dorling Kindersley, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8310-1272-5 .
  • David Gibbs, Eustace Barnes, John Cox: Pigeons and Doves - A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Pica Press, Sussex 2001, ISBN 90-74345-26-3 .
  • Alois Münst, Josef Wolters: Pigeons - The types of wild pigeons. 2nd expanded and revised edition. Karin Wolters Verlag, Bottrop 1999, ISBN 3-9801504-9-6 .
  • Gerhard Rösler: The wild pigeons of the earth - free living, keeping and breeding. M. & H. Schaper Verlag, Alfeld-Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7944-0184-0 .
  • Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte : Zoology - Coup d'œil sur les Pigeons (cinquième partie) . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . tape 40 , 1855, pp. 96-102 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte: Zoology - Suite et fin des Additions et Corrections au Coup d'œil sur l'Ordres des Pigeons . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . tape 43 , 1856, pp. 942-949 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Outram Bangs, Thomas Edward Penard: The Northern Form of Leptotila fulviventris Lawrence . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 8 , 1922, pp. 29–30 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Donald Ryder Dickey, Adriaan Joseph van Rossem: Two new pigeons from Salvador . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 39 , 1926, pp. 109–110 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Charles Barney Cory: Notes on Little Known Species of South American Birds with description of new subspecies . In: Field Museum Natural History Publications (=  Zoological Series ). tape 12 , no. 1 , 1917, p. 1-7 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Edward William Nelson: Descriptions of new birds from the Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 12 , 1898, pp. 5–11 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: Third List of Birds collected at Conchitas, Argentine Republic, by Mr. William H. Hudson . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1869 . tape 3 , December 9, 1869, p. 631-636 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Tommaso Salvadori: Nuove specie di uccelli dei generi Criniger, Picus ed Homoptilla Nov. Gen. In: Atti della Reale Accademia delle scienze di Torino . tape 6 , 1871, p. 128–132 ( books.google.de [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Osbert Salvin: On birds collected in Peru by Mr. OT Baron . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1895, p. 1–22 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed February 23, 2015]).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of two New Species of Birds from Yucazan, of the Families Columbidae and Formicariidae . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 2 , no. 9 , 1892, p. 287–288 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Robert Ridgway: Descriptions of some new forms of American cuckoos, parrots, and pigeons . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 28 , 1915, pp. 105-107 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr, Josef von Seilern and Aspang: Further new forms from the West Indies and Venezuela . In: Negotiations of the Ornithological Society in Bavaria . tape 12 , no. 3 , 1915, p. 201-205 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 11, 2015]).
  • Hernando Romero Zambrano, Jorge Enrique Morales Sánchez: Descripción de una nueva subespecie de Leptotila Verreauxi Bonaparte, 1855 (Aves: Columbidae) del sureste de Colombia . In: Caldasia . tape 13 , no. 62 , 1981, pp. 291–299 (Spanish, revistas.unal.edu.co [PDF; 4 kB ; accessed on April 11, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : White-fronted Dove  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files