West Andean Emerald Hummingbird

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West Andean Emerald Hummingbird
West Andean Emerald Hummingbird ♂

West Andean Emerald Hummingbird ♂

Systematics
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Bees (Mellisugini)
Genre : Emerald Hummingbirds ( Chlorostilbon )
Type : West Andean Emerald Hummingbird
Scientific name
Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus
Gould , 1860

The West Andean Emerald Hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is found in Colombia and Ecuador . The population is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN , but there it is regarded as a subspecies of the blue-tailed emerald hummingbird .

features

Distribution area of ​​the West Andean Emerald Hummingbird ♀

The West Andean Emerald Hummingbird reaches a body length of about 10.9 to 11.5 cm. The short straight black beak is approx. 13 mm. Both sexes are similar to the blue-tailed emerald hummingbird. The top of the male is bronze green. The underside of the male is pure emerald green and lacks the blue tint on the chest that the blue-tailed emerald hummingbird has. The upper front of the head glitters more gold than the blue-tailed emerald hummingbird. The tail is moderately forked. The female has a bit of gray on the outer control feathers. The inner ones are strongly colored green. The anterior skull and the skull are bronze green. There is a black band over the ear covers which is bordered by a light gray eye stripe . The rest of the top is metallic grass green. The underside is whitish with a strong yellow-brown tint in the central area of ​​the throat and belly.

Behavior and nutrition

The West Andean Emerald Hummingbird gets its nectar a . a. of smaller flowers of plants from the family of alstroemeriaceae ( glaucescen Bomarca ?). When exploring the area, he moves very carefully and cautiously. So he first explores the flowers in gardens and plots. Once he has familiarized himself with the area, he visits it at short intervals. No people in the immediate vicinity bother him. In Medellín it was observed how he flew at the flowers at a church without being disturbed by the shining light or the people watching.

Brood

Little is known about the reproductive behavior of the West Andean emerald hummingbird. Its nest consists mainly of kapok z. B. from the kapok tree . The nest is covered on the outside with leaves and scraps of moss.

Vocalizations

The West Indian emerald hummingbird seems to be a rather quiet contemporary. The weak chirping chant includes tsit-trr, tsit-trr, tsit-trr ... tones.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the West Andean Emerald Hummingbird

The West Indian emerald hummingbird prefers scrub and gardens in dry valleys surrounded by mountains. In the northwest of Ecuador the distribution area extends from the province of Carchi over the valley of the Río Chota south to the regions of Cumbayá and Quito in the province of Pichincha . It is partly absent and then again frequently occurring locally on the edges of mountain forests and in damp forests and clearings on the western mountain slopes and the adjacent western lowlands of the Pichincha province in the Mindo region . It can also occur in the northeast of Guayas Province and the southwest of Chimborazo Province . In Ecuador it occurs north-west at altitudes between 1500 and 2700 meters, further south between 600 and 1800 meters. In Colombia it occurs from the Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas and the Parque Nacional Natural Tatamá south along the Western Cordillera .

Subspecies

The species is considered to be monotypical . However, some authors consider Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus pumilus Gould , 1872 a subspecies. For a long time the species was regarded as a subspecies of the blue-tailed emerald hummingbird , but the South American Check-list Committee has split off the West Indian emerald hummingbird as a separate species based on an analysis by F. Gary Stiles .

Etymology and history of research

The West Andean emerald hummingbird was first described in 1860 by John Gould under the scientific name Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus . The type specimen came from the near Quito. In 1853 John Gould introduced the new genus Chlorostilbon . "Chlorostilbon" is made up of the Greek words "chlōros χλωρός " for "green" and "stilbōn στίλβων " for "shining". The Greeks gave Mercury the nickname Stilbōn, which is due to the verb "stilb" for "blink". The species name »melanorhynchus« is a Greek word from »melas, melanos μελας, μελανος « for »black« and »rhynkhos ῥυγχος « for »beak«. "Pumilus" is the Latin word for "dwarf".

literature

  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy . tape 1 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8720-X (a).
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Field Guide . tape 2 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8721-8 (b).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Ralf Bündgen, Guy Maxwell Kirwan in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Blue-tailed Emerald (Chlorostilbon mellisugus) In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 5 , delivery 5. Taylor and Francis, London 1853 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Description of twenty-two new species of Humming Birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 28 , 1860, p. 304-312 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Descriptions of two new species of Humming Birds . In: Annals and Magazine of Natural history including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (=  4 ). tape 9 , 1872, p. 195-196 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frank Gary Stiles: A New Species of the Emerald Hummingbird from the Sierra De Chribiquete, Southeastern Colombia, with a Review of the C. Mellisugus Complex . In: The Wilson Bulletin . tape 108 , no. 1 , 1996, p. 1–27 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 1.7 MB ]).
  • John Todd Zimmer : Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 58, The genera Chlorostilbon, Thalurania, Hylocharis, and Chrysuronia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1474 , 1950, pp. 1–32 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.9 MB ]).
  • Michael Fogden, Patricia Fogden: The Natural History of Flowers . Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas 2018, ISBN 978-1-62349-644-9 .
  • Hermano Niceforo Maria: Los Tronquilidos del museo del instituto de la Salle . In: La Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales . tape 3 , no. 7 , 1939, pp. 314-322 ( accefyn.com [PDF]).

Web links

Commons : West Indian Emerald Hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ralf Bündgen u. a.
  2. ↑ a b c Robert Sterling Ridgely u. a. (2001b) pp. 257-258
  3. ^ Frank Gary Stiles, p. 11.
  4. ↑ Michael Fogden et al. a. P. 137.
  5. ↑ a b Hermano Niceforo Maria p. 317.
  6. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (2001a) pp. 349-350.
  7. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  8. ↑ John Gould (1872), pp. 195-196.
  9. ↑ Proposal (# 54) to South American Check-list Committee: Split Chlorostilbon mellisugus into three species
  10. ↑ Frank Gary Stiles, pp. 1-27.
  11. ^ John Gould (1860), p. 308.
  12. ^ John Gould (1853), plate 355 plus text
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 103.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 248.
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 324.

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Frederick Herschel Waterhouse p. 47, Plate 355 appeared as part of Delivery 5 from 1853. Here Gould assigned the Chlorostilbon prasinus , a synonym for the blue-tailed emerald hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon mellisugus ( Linnaeus , 1758)) to the genus.