Wild bergamot
| Wild bergamot | ||||||||||||
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Wild bergamot ( Monarda fistulosa ) |
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| Monarda fistulosa | ||||||||||||
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The Wild bergamot ( Monarda fistulosa ), mostly Wilde Monarda or Wild Monarde called, is a species of the genus Monarda in the family of Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae).
features
The wild bergamot is a perennial herbaceous plant with a rhizome that reaches heights of 50 to 120 centimeters. The plant smells aromatic. The branched, square stems are hairy. The opposite, stalked leaves are simple. The leaf margin is sawn.
In the terminal inflorescence there are many flowers and bracts . The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic . The calyx is 7 to 10 millimeters long and densely hairy on the throat. The purple, reddish or whitish crown is 20 to 35 millimeters long and has two lips. The simple crown upper lip is pubescent and more or less densely shaggy at the tip. There are only two stamens .
The flowering period extends from June to September.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
ecology
The pollination is usually by bees.
Occurrence
The wild bergamot occurs in warm to northern North America in dry bushes, on clearings, prairies and moist meadows. The distribution area extends from Canada to northeast Mexico.
Systematics
One can differentiate between seven varieties:
- Monarda fistulosa var. Brevis Fosberg & Artz : It occurs in the eastern United States.
- Monarda fistulosa var. Fistulosa : It occurs from Canada to northeast Mexico.
- Monarda fistulosa var. Maheuxii B.Boivin : It occurs in eastern Canada.
- Monarda fistulosa var. Menthifolia (Graham) Fernald : It occurs from western Canada to the western and central United States and also in northeastern Mexico.
- Monarda fistulosa var. Mollis (L.) L. ( Syn . : Monarda mollis L. ): It occurs from Canada to northeastern Mexico.
- Monarda fistulosa var. Rubra A.Gray : It is found in the north-central and eastern United States.
- Monarda fistulosa var. Stipitatoglandulosa (Waterf.) Ined. (Syn .: Monarda stipitatoglandulosa Waterf. ): It occurs in Oklahoma .
use
The wild bergamot is used as an ornamental plant in borders and perennial beds, and as a cut flower. The wild form is rare, different varieties are scattered in culture. It has been in culture since 1635 at the latest.
In North America this species is used as a medicinal plant and spice. Tea can be made from fresh and dried leaves. The leaves and flowers can be eaten raw or cooked.
literature
- Versatile information on the type of USDA. (English; PDF file; 67 kB)
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monarda fistulosa at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Monarda - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on January 10, 2018.
- ↑ Entry in Plants for a Future. (engl.)
