Hollow-handled blubber

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Hollow-handled blubber
Hollow-handled blubber

Hollow-handled blubber

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Hollow-handled blubber
Scientific name
Russula cavipes
Britzelm.

The hollow-stemmed or white fir blubber ( Russula cavipes ) is a fungus from the family of the blubber relatives . It grows mainly under silver fir . It is a pungent species with a very sweet, saffron-like smell and a beautiful blue-purple hat color.

features

Macroscopic features

The rather robust hat is 5–8 (10) cm wide and at first hemispherical, then arched, but soon spread out flat. In old age he is slightly depressed. The middle of the hat can sometimes be slightly hunched. The hat color is variable, often almost purple or cloudy pink to violet, greenish to olive, gray-purple or slate-purple. The middle is usually colored darker. The brim of the hat remains pale for a long time. It is quite thin, wavy, lobed, and usually grooved with distinct bumps. The hat skin is smooth and shiny, moist and greasy when young. Later it is dry and dull and can be peeled off halfway or more.

The distant, slender lamellae are attached rounded and often connected with veins (anastomosing). They are ivory-white to pale cream-colored, slightly yellowing and staining rusty yellow. They have a pungent taste.

The whitish stem is 2–8 cm long and 0.5–2.5 cm wide. He is brittle, slightly swollen club. It soon becomes spongy, then hollow, and is mostly hollow with age. The stem tends to turn yellow, especially at the base. When lying down overnight, it usually turns honey to saffron yellow.

The meat is thin, soft and fragile. The young mushroom is white, but tends to turn yellow. The smell is sweet to saffron-like, sometimes similar to Russula fragilis or smells slightly of geraniums or apples. The taste is burning hot.

The meat does not discolour with guaiac, but reacts immediately with ammonia and turns pinkish-red, especially on the lamellae.

Microscopic features

The spores are 7.5–11 µm long and 7–8 µm wide. The warts are partially networked or almost thorny or burr-like. The warts can be up to 1 µm long. The apiculus is 1.25–1.5 µm long and 1–1.25 µm wide. The hillock is more or less rounded or irregular and about 3.5-3.75 µm long and 2.25-3 µm wide. It is clearly amyloid.

The basids are up to 50 (55) µm long as in the Sardoninae. The cystidia up to 100 µm long and 10–12 µm wide. The Pileocystiden are 0–1-sepiert, cylindrically elongated at the tip.

Species delimitation

Other pigeons from the Violaceinae section can look very similar and are often difficult to distinguish. The hollow, yellowing stalk, the pink ammonia reaction and the negative guaiac reaction as well as the occurrence under conifers are important features with which one can distinguish the deaf from the other representatives of the section.

The multi- colored Spei-Täubling can also look very similar. It has more like white spore powder, toothed lamellar sheaths and a fairly typical candy smell.

The violet-capped representatives from the Tenellae section can also be similar. Especially the multi-colored Täubling and possibly the more violet-hatched and smaller forms of the violet-brown Täubling. Both types taste more or less mild.

  • At least young specimens can have a pungent taste in the case of the multi-colored Täubling . The spores have very low warts that are typically connected in a zigzag fashion. The spore powder is also darker and more creamy ocher in color.
  • The purplish brown blubber is usually much larger and has mild flesh. Rusty brown spots can be seen on his hat skin under the magnifying glass.

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finding of the hollow-handled blubber.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • Like all deafnesses, the hollow-stemmed deafblings is a mycorrhizal fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with spruce ( Picea abies ) and silver fir ( Abies alba ). The fungus is mostly found in mountain conifer forests, on moist and acidic soils. Sometimes it can also be found in the peat moss. The fruiting bodies appear from August to November.

    The Täubling is a rare, purely European species.

    In Germany the species is on the red list in the hazard category RL3. It occurs mainly in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria, in the other federal states it is much rarer or completely absent.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The white fir pavilion is placed in the Violaceinae section by M. Bon . The section contains sharp-tasting, rather fragile, small species, most of which have a cream-colored spore powder and often a very characteristic odor.

    Subspecies and varieties

    • Russula cavipes var. Abietina Bon
    The hat is 2–5 cm wide, purple (greenish or lavender) with yellowish discoloration. The edge is grooved, the hat skin shiny and removable up to 1/3. The lamellae are intensely yellow, even orange, at the cutting edge and at the base of the handle. The base of the stem also becomes yellow. The meat smells of geranium leaves and has a sharp taste. The spore powder is whitish. The macrochemical reactions are as in the type species. The variety can be found under fir and beech trees on more or less calcareous soils.
    The spores have prickly warts over 1 µm high and are often very incompletely networked, sometimes just burrs. The cystidia are rare or short and bulbous, 40–60 µm and 12–15 (18) µm wide. The Pileocystiden are 1-3 septate.

    meaning

    Like all deafnesses from the Violaceinae section, the hollow-stemmed deafblings are inedible or slightly poisonous.

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 72 .
    2. ↑ a b c d Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988) (PDF, 1.4 MB): English translation by M. Bons Russula key: . The Russulales website. P. 29. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved on December 20, 2010.
    3. ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 178 .
    4. ↑ Russula cavipes In: H. Romagnesi: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. 1967, at www.mycobank.org (French)
    5. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula cavipes. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 24, 2012 .
    6. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula cavipes. Retrieved June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare).
    7. ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas - Russula cavipes. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
    8. ↑ Russula cavipes. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
    9. ↑ Russula cavipes. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
    10. ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
    11. ↑ Russula cavipes. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
    12. ↑ Russula cavipes. Red list of large mushrooms Germany. In: s4ads.com. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
    13. ↑ Blood, bile and tears. Blades Part 6 - Sharp Cream Spurs. Der Tintling 96, issue 5/2015, pp. 19–30

    Web links

    Commons : Hohlstieliger Täubling ( Russula cavipes )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files