Xi Jinping's ideas of Chinese-style socialism in the new age

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Xi Jinping's ideas of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new age ( Chinese  習近平 新 時代 中國 特色 社會主義 思想  /  习近平 新 时代 中国 特色 社会主义 思想 , Pinyin Xí Jìnpíng Xīnshídài Zhōngguó Tèsè Shèhuìzhǔyì Sīxiǎng ) are political theories of the Chinese General Party Xi Jinping for the first time at the 19th CPC Congress on October 18, 2017. On October 24th, Xi Jinping's ideas were incorporated into the party statute at the closing ceremony of the 19th party congress . On March 11, 2018, Xi Jinping's ideas of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era were enshrined in the constitution of the People's Republic .

Emergence

Since Xi Jinping was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of China on November 15, 2012 at the end of the 18th party congress , he has been working on a concept of how socialism with Chinese characteristics can be adapted to the world situation that has changed significantly since Deng Xiaoping and the new social realities in China could. He then officially introduced the concept for the first time at the 19th CCP Congress in October 2017. At the time, Xi emphasized that in the face of the challenges of modernity, the CCP must hold on to it, from Marxism-Leninism , the Mao Zedong ideas , the Deng Xiaoping theory , the ideas of the triple representation of Jiang Zemin and the "Scientific Development Concept" (科学 发展 观) to guide Hu Jintaos . In other words, Xi Jinping constructed an uninterrupted, ever-evolving tradition for the party. Accordingly, he lined up the key words of the former party leaders:

  • Mao Zedong : "Seeking the truth in the facts" (实事求是, a quote from the Han Shu )
  • Deng Xiaoping : "Liberate the mind and seek the truth in the facts" (解放思想 ， 实事求是)
  • Jiang Zemin : "Liberate the mind, seek the truth in the facts and keep up with the times" (解放思想 ， 实事求是 ， 与时俱进)
  • Hu Jintao : "Free thought, seek the truth in facts, keep pace with the times and act realistically and pragmatically" (解放思想 ， 实事求是 ， 与时俱进 ， 求真 务实)

Content

The following 14 points form the basic concepts for maintaining and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new age.

  1.  The leadership of the whole work by the party must be maintained.
  2.  The position of the people in the center must be maintained.
  3.  The comprehensive deepening of the reform must be maintained.
  4.  The new concept of development must be adhered to.
  5.  The position of the people as rulers of the state must be retained.
  6.  The comprehensive legal administration of the state must be maintained.
  7.  The system of basic socialist values ​​must be adhered to.
  8.  The development must continue to guarantee and improve the standard of living of the population.
  9.  The harmonious coexistence between man and nature must be maintained.
  10. A holistic national security concept must be adhered to.
  11. The absolute leadership of the People's Army by the party must be maintained.
  12. The principle of “ one country, two systems ” must be adhered to and the reunification of the fatherland promoted.
  13. We must hold on to the promotion of the development of the community of human destiny.
  14. The party's strict and comprehensive leadership must be maintained.

Quadruple confidence

Another central theme in Xi Jinping's ideas is "Quadruple Self-Confidence" (四个 自信, Pinyin Sì Gè Zìxìn ), a term used in its original version by outgoing General Secretary Hu Jintao in his final report at the 18th CCP Congress (Aug. . - November 15, 2012). At that time, Hu spoke of the “threefold self-confidence” that was to shape the way the party acted, namely trust in one's own path, trust in one's own theories and trust in one's own system. During the celebrations for the 15th anniversary of Macau's reunification with the People's Republic of China in December 2014, Xi Jinping added confidence in Hu Jintao's own, more than 5,000-year-old, never of periods of barbarism, to Hu Jintao's concept, which has been widespread by the CCP's propaganda department since 2013 interrupted culture that forms the basis for the other three forms of self-confidence. Since then, the catchphrase that has been quoted again and again in official speeches has been "fourfold self-confidence":

  • Trust in the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics (中国 特色 社会主义 道路 自信)
  • Trust in your own theories (理论 自信)
  • Trust in your own system (制度 自信)
  • Trust in one's own culture (文化 自信)

classification

According to an initial assessment by political scientist Wu Qiang from Beijing's Tsinghua University , the party congress at which Xi Jinping formulated his idea of ​​“socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new age” was based on a script whose plot began a long time ago. "During his first five-year term in office, Xi succeeded in concentrating power on himself and building a cult around himself, as Mao once did." The party congress is the conclusion of this process and serves as a stage for his "self-enthronement". The political scientist Willy Wo-Lap Lam from the Chinese University of Hong Kong saw it similarly, but also put Xi Jinping in line with the pragmatist Deng Xiaoping, who had also managed to be immortalized with his own name in the party program.

Chen Daoyin of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law agreed, but noted that the doctrine's long name had several limitations. Unlike Mao and Deng, this is not a personality cult; the doctrine was not a manifestation of an eternal truth, but only applied to the new age; it did not apply everywhere (e.g. not in Africa), but only under the special conditions in China. In the opinion of Chen Daoyin, this meant that Xi Jinping was by no means the undisputed autocratic ruler, but that his concept was only adopted after consultation with the various party wings and compromises had been made in the party program.

See also

literature

English: The world of Xi Jinping: Everything you need to know about the new China. Berlin: Fischer 2018. ISBN 3-10397416-7
  • Kerry Brown, UA Bērziņa-Čerenkova: Ideology in the Era of Xi Jinping , in: Journal of Chinese Political Science. 2018. pp. 1–17 [1]

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Xi Jinping: Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new phase. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  2. ↑ 赵 飘: Xi Jinping's idea of ​​“socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new age” included in the party statute. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  3. ↑ CCP Constitution Anchors Xi's Ideas as Part of the Action Guide - Xinhua | English.news.cn . ( xinhuanet.com [accessed November 27, 2018]).
  4. ↑ （两会 受权 发布） 中华人民共和国 宪法 修正案 - 新华网. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Xi can become president for life. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  6. ↑ China's 'Chairman of Everything': Behind Xi Jinping's Many Titles . ( nytimes.com [accessed November 27, 2018]).
  7. ↑ 杨海琴: 什么 是 习近平 新 时代 中国 特色 社会主义 思想？ - 中青 在线. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Theory China Academic Positions. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  9. ↑ 习近平 说 ， 新 时代 中国 特色 社会主义 思想 是 全党 全国 人民 为 实现 中华民族 伟大 伟大 复兴 而 奋斗 的 行动 指南 - 新华网. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Get to know China with key words - German.china.org.cn. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  11. ^ BBC Monitoring - Essential Media Insight. Retrieved November 27, 2018 (UK English).
  12. ↑ hermesauto: 19th Party Congress: Xi Jinping outlines new thought on socialism with Chinese traits . In: The Straits Times . October 18, 2017 ( straitstimes.com [accessed November 27, 2018]).
  13. ↑ 党 的 十九 大 报告 双语 全文. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  14. ↑ In his meeting with students from the University of Macau , Xi Jinping alludes to the United Southwest University , where the intellectuals of China “wintered” during the Japanese occupation of 1937–1945. The Confucian persecution under Qin Shihuangdi and the cultural revolution , when teaching at the country's educational institutions virtually came to a standstill for several years, is ignored by Xi.
  15. ↑ 麦垛: 习近平 灵机一动 立马 改 了 “三个 自信”. In: news.creaders.net. December 23, 2014, accessed November 15, 2019 (Chinese).
  16. ↑ 冯 鹏 志: 从 “三个 自信” 到 “四个 自信”. In: theory.people.com.cn. July 7, 2016, accessed November 15, 2019 (Chinese).
  17. ↑ China's Party Congress and the "Xi Ideas" Deutsche Welle , October 21, 2017, accessed on January 18, 2019
  18. ↑ 习近平 新 时代 中国 特色 社会主义 思想 入党 章 权力 比肩 毛邓？ In: bbc.com. October 24, 2017, accessed November 15, 2019 (Chinese).