Xiang Zhongfa

Xiang Chongfa in the 1930s

Xiang Zhongfa ( Chinese  向 忠 發  /  向 忠 发 , Pinyin Xiàng Zhōngfǎ , W.-G. Hsiang Chung-fa ; * 1888 in Shanghai ; † June 24, 1931 ibid) was General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1928 to 1931 little influence on the development of the party.

Xiang, from a poor family from Hanchuan ( Hubei native) and after Wuhan moved when he was a small child, was as a young industrial workers. In 1922, he became vice chairman of the Hanyeping Ironworks Union and joined the Communist Party . During the northern campaign he organized strikes against the warlord regimes . After the National Revolutionary Army captured Wuhan , he became chairman of the Kuomintang Labor Department .

At the 5th Congress of the Communist Party in April and May 1927 he was elected to the Central Committee. After the Shanghai massacre and the collapse of the First United Front , Chen Duxiu came under fire as a right-wing opportunist, which brought Xiang to the Politburo . In the autumn of 1927 he took part in the celebrations marking the anniversary of the October Revolution . On the VI. At the party congress from June 18 to July 11, 1928, Qu Qiubai was criticized as a left-wing deviator and supporter of blind activism. Pavel Mif supported the election of Xiang as general secretary because, according to the Comintern, there were too many intellectuals in the party leadership and the Chinese Communist Party had to be reshaped according to Bolshevik ideas. Li Lisan also moved up in the party leadership and the Politburo. Xiang, who was given the post not because of his competence but because of his proletarian origins, had to be guided by Li Lisan in his function. Li's attempts to overthrow in favor of the Communist Party through uprisings in the cities of China all failed. The Comintern brought Li to Moscow, while Xiang stayed in Shanghai, where the Politburo now consisted of Xiang, Qu Qiubai and Zhou Enlai .

Xiang also stayed in Shanghai when the party withdrew to the country for security reasons. He was betrayed, arrested, tortured, and executed on June 24, 1931 by his security guard Gu Shunzheng in April 1931 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Christopher R. Lew and Edwin Pak-wah Leung: Historical dictionary of the Chinese Civil War . 2nd Edition. Scarecrow Press, Lanham 2013, ISBN 978-0-8108-7874-7 , pp. 251-252 .
2. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 218 .
3. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 234 .
4. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 247 .
5. ↑ Dieter Kuhn : The Republic of China from 1912 to 1937 - Draft for a political history of events . 3. Edition. Edition Forum, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 3-927943-25-8 , p. 545 .

Note: This article places the family name before the person's first name. This is the usual order in Chinese. Xiang is the family name here, Zhongfa is the first name.