Xipapillomavirus

Xipapillomavirus

Classification :	Viruses
Area :	Monodnaviria
Empire :	Shotokuvirae
Phylum :	Cossaviricota
Class :	Papovaviricetes
Order :	Zurhausenvirales
Family :	Papillomaviridae
Subfamily :	Firstpapillomavirinae
Genre :	Xipapillomavirus

Taxonomic characteristics

Genome :	dsDNA circular
Baltimore :	Group 1
Symmetry :	icosahedral
Cover :	no

Scientific name

Xipapillomavirus

Left

NCBI Taxonomy:	333921
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB):	551
ICTVdB Virus Code :	00.099.0.15

The genus Xipapillomavirus (after the Greek letter ξ ) comprises a species with so far three subtypes of papillomavirus that only occur in cattle . They cause dermal and mucocutaneous papillomas , which can also become malignant . Papillomatoses of the entire gastrointestinal tract (from the oral cavity to the rectum ) due to BPV-4 have been described.

Characteristic for the genus is the lack of a reading frame for the E6 protein ( English early protein 6 ). In other papilloma viruses, this protein interacts with the cellular p53 and induces its proteolytic cleavage. The E6 protein also activates telomerase and thus intervenes in the regulation of cell division . In its place (as the first reading frame after the first start codon ) there is a very short reading frame for the E8 protein, which has cell-transforming properties.

Two isolates from bovine papillomas were tentatively designated as subtypes BPV-9 and BPV-10 in 2008. They are phylogenetically closest to the subtypes of the genus Xipapillomavirus and are assigned to this genus by the ICTV as of November 2018.

Systematics

The systematics of the genus Xipapillomavirus has since been restructured (ICTV status November 2018) into species names Xipapillomavirus 1 to 5 , previously only one genus was assigned:

Family Papillomaviridae
- Genus Xipapillomavirus (formerly Epitheliotropic bovine papillomavirus )
  - Species Xipapillomavirus 1
    - Bovine papillomavirus 3 (BPV-3) subtype - skin
    - Subtype Bovine Papillomavirus 4 (BPV-4) - digestive tract
    - Subtype Bovine Papillomavirus 6 (BPV-6) - teats and udders
    - Subtype Bovine Papillomavirus 9 (BPV-9)
    - Subtype Bovine Papillomavirus 10 (BPV-10)
    - Subtype Bovine Papillomavirus 11 (BPV-11)
    - Subtype Bovine Papillomavirus 15 (BPV-15)
  - Species Xipapillomavirus 2
    - Subtype Bovine Papillomavirus 12 (BPV-12)
  - Species Xipapillomavirus 3
    - Subtype Rangifer tarandus papillomavirus 2 (RtPV-2, RtPV2)

The English names are always on papillomavirus (with an inserted 'a'), the German names are without this 'a'. In the English names there is usually a space where the German name has a hyphen. Examples:

Bovine papillomavirus 3 - corresponds to English Bovine papillomavirus 3
Rangifer tarandus papillomavirus 2 - corresponds to English Rangifer tarandus papillomavirus 2

The bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV-1) and the bovine papillomavirus 2 (BPV-2), on the other hand, belong to the genus deltapapillomavirus (syn. Fibropapillomavirus ), the bovine papillomavirus 5 (BPV-5) to the genus epsilon papillomavirus .

literature

E.-M. de Villiers, et al. : Genus Xipapillomavirus . In: CM Fauquet, MA Mayo et al. : Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . London / San Diego 2005, ISBN 0-12-249951-4 , p. 251
Peter M. Howley , Douglas R. Lowy: Papillomaviruses . In: David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley (eds.-in-chief): Fields' Virology . Volume 2. 5th edition. Philadelphia 2007, ISBN 0-7817-6060-7 , pp. 2299ff

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Alphapapillomavirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
↑ E. Tsirimonaki et al .: Extensive papillomatosis of the bovine upper gastrointestinal tract . J. Comp. Pathol. (2003) 129 (2-3): pp. 93-99 PMID 12921714
↑ S. Hatama et al. : Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of two novel bovine papillomaviruses, BPV-9 and BPV-10 . J. Gen. Virol. (2008) 89 (Pt 1): pp. 158–163 PMID 18089739 ( full text )
↑ ^a ^b ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)
↑ Flavio RC da Silva et al. : Novel Bovine Papillomavirus Type Discovered by Rolling-Circle Amplification Coupled with Next-Generation Sequencing . In: PLOS ONE , 2016; 11 (9), p. E0162345, PMC 5015974 (free full text), PMID 27606703 , doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0162345

[ICTV_MSL#35_APV1-1] ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Alphapapillomavirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)

[2] E. Tsirimonaki et al .: Extensive papillomatosis of the bovine upper gastrointestinal tract . J. Comp. Pathol. (2003) 129 (2-3): pp. 93-99 PMID 12921714

[3] S. Hatama et al. : Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of two novel bovine papillomaviruses, BPV-9 and BPV-10 . J. Gen. Virol. (2008) 89 (Pt 1): pp. 158–163 PMID 18089739 ( full text )

[MSL33-4] ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)

[5] Flavio RC da Silva et al. : Novel Bovine Papillomavirus Type Discovered by Rolling-Circle Amplification Coupled with Next-Generation Sequencing . In: PLOS ONE , 2016; 11 (9), p. E0162345, PMC 5015974 (free full text), PMID 27606703 , doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0162345