Yersinia enterocolitica
| Yersinia enterocolitica | ||||||||||||
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Yersinia enterocolitica on blood agar |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Yersinia enterocolitica | ||||||||||||
| ( Schleifstein & Coleman 1939) Frederiksen 1964 |
Yersinia enterocolitica , together with Y. pseudotuberculosis, is the causative agent of yersiniosis .
history
Y. enterocolitica was first isolated from a granulomatous skin lesion in 1938 by Schleifstein and Coleman .
properties
Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative , spore-free rod. Yersinia grow aerobically and facultatively anaerobically . Y. enterocolitica is cytochrome c oxidase negative and catalase positive. Y. enterocolitica can utilize hemin and hydroxamate-bound iron. The optimal growth temperature is 28 ° C. The flagellation is monotrich to peritrich. The optimal mobility is found with incubation at 22–28 ° C. Y. enterocolitica is a so-called psychrophilic bacterium, i. H. it also multiplies at temperatures between 0 and 4 ° C. This property is used in so-called cold accumulation during cultivation .
Diseases caused
Y. enterocolitica can cause different diseases depending on age, immune status, among others:
- When infected, small children and infants usually develop self-limiting gastroenteritis that lasts for one to two weeks with fever , vomiting and bloody diarrhea .
- As caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , children and adolescents develop mesenteric lymphadenitis (Maßhoff's disease, Maßhoff's lymphadenitis) with acute terminal ileitis ( pseudoappendicitis ). Not infrequently, one carried appendix removal because of suspected appendicitis . This usually accompanies a fever. The disease usually heals after about 2 weeks.
- Pyomyositis
- Yersinia arthritis
- Reiter's disease
In animals, Y. enterocolitica causes the
Epidemiology
Y. enterocolitica is found worldwide in animal reservoirs , especially in pigs. Infections are therefore often found after consuming inadequately heated animal products, e.g. B. raw pork and milk . Infections from polluted waters are also possible.
The transmission takes place through direct uptake of the pathogen, the incubation period is only a few days.
Diagnosis
The pathogen is detected by culturing from stool , biopsies or blood . For this purpose, the selective agar CIN (Cefsoludin-Irgasan-Novobiocin-Agar) is mostly used on which Yersinia grow to red porthole-shaped colonies within 1–2 days. The identification takes place with the help of the ' colorful row '. Serological evidence can secure current as well as previous infections. If an acute infection is detected by the laboratory, there is an obligation to report to the responsible health authority in accordance with Section 7 of the Infection Protection Act .
therapy
Since yersiniosis is usually self-limiting, antibiotic treatment is usually not necessary. Severe gastroenteritis and systemic diseases can be treated with tetracyclines , quinolone antibiotics or 3rd generation cephalosporins . As Y. enterocolitica produces β-lactamases , aminopenicillins are not effective.
literature
- H.-J. Selbitz: Yersinia. In: A. Rolle, A. Mayr (Ed.): Medical microbiology, infection and epidemic theory. 7th edition. Enke, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-432-84686-X .
- DJ Nettle, N. Robbins, S. Hindman: Pyomyositis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. In: J. Clin. Microbiol. 20, 1984, pp. 293-294.
Web links
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR): Yersinia
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johannes Krämer: Food microbiology . 6th edition. UTB, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8252-3607-6 .