Zadní Doubice

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Zadní Doubice (German Hinterdaubitz ) is a desert in the Czech Republic . It is located two kilometers east of Hinterhermsdorf and six kilometers northwest of Doubice on the border with Germany . Their corridors belong to the municipality of Doubice.

geography

Zadní Doubice is on the left side of the Kirnitzsch ( Křinice ) between the confluences of the Weißbach and Heidelbach in Bohemian Switzerland . To the north rises the Steinberg (458 m), in the southeast the Kozí hřbety (back of the goat ) with the Slunečný vrch (442 m) and Pytlák ( Bittler , 448 m), to the southwest the Königsplatz (436 m) and the Taubenstein (403 m). The remains of the rock castles Brtnický hrádek and Vlčí hrádek lie to the northeast over the Kirnitzsch valley and its tributaries.

Neighboring settlements are Schäferräumicht and Mikulášovice in the north, Kopec, Brtníky , Šternberk and Vlčí Hora in the Northeast, Dlouhý Důl and Kyjov in the east, Doubice and Dolní Chřibská in the southeast, Na Tokáni in the south, the deserted village of Zadní Jetřichovice in the southwest, Niedermühle and Hinterhermsdorf in the West as well as Im Loch, Neudorf, Langk and Obermühle in the northwest.

history

Since ancient times the border between the dominions of Hohnstein and Kamnitz has run along the Kirnitzsch . The first mill in Kirnitzschgrund near Hinterhermsdorf was probably built around 1400. The first mention of both the Mittel and Niedermühle was in 1547 as board mills in the hereditary book of the Hohnstein Office . In 1588 the middle mill was called a grinding mill. Together with the Niedermühle, a little below on the right bank, and the Brettmühle on the Steinberg , all Kirnschtmühlen , including the Mittelmühle, belonged to Hinterhermsdorf. When Radslav Kinsky acquired the rule of Kamnitz in 1614, he de facto added the Mittelmühle located in his area to his rule. It was then also referred to as the Bohemian Mill and the Lower Mill in Bohemia as the Saxon Mill . The Zentschelmühle on Steinberg went out at the beginning of the 18th century. In the course of time, more houses were built in the hole and the single layer was called Hinterdaubitz. The inhabitants made their living from forestry and fishing. Around 1800 both mills belonged to Müller Puttrich. After the Bohemian feudal sovereignty over the office of Hohnstein expired in 1806, little changed in the close roots of the Bohemian Mill and Hinterdaubitz with Hinterhermsdorf. The houses on the left bank were subject to Count Kinsky on Kamnitz in Bohemia, the closest village was the Saxon Hinterhermsdorf. In the 19th century a hunter's house was built, which has also served as a retreat since 1846.

After the abolition of patrimonial Hinterdaubitz was officially part of the Daubitz community in the Rumburg district from 1850 . However, because Daubitz was far away and could only be reached with difficulty through the rock valleys, the local children went to school in Hinterhermsdorf. The residents of Hinterhermsdorf were also parish and Protestant. In 1860 the Niedermühle burned down and three years later the Bohemian Mill. This gave rise to speculation, as the owners of the mills, two granddaughters of the miller Puttrich, were not well-disposed towards each other. While only the west gable was damaged at the Niedermühle, it was significantly larger at the Bohemian Mill. It was rebuilt, but no longer served as a mill, but as a farmyard.

Mountain Association for Saxon Switzerland - Radeberg Section, excursion to the Bohemian Mill Hinterdaubitz on 23/24 August 1913.

The tourism that began at the end of the 19th century and the boat trip on the Upper Lock, which began after the rafting was stopped, made Hinterdaubitz a focal point for day trippers from Bohemia and Saxony. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Bohemian Mill was granted a liquor license and it was converted into an excursion inn with a hotel in the Bavarian style. It was only with the construction of Khaatalstrasse in 1906 that Hinterdaubitz was given a road connection to Bohemia. Before that, the place was accessible via the road from Hinterhermsdorf via Neudorf and via roads from Bohemia.

In 1910 Anton Rothe was the owner of the Bohemian Mill. On the Saxon side, the owner of the Niedermühle, Wilhelm Höhne, also ran a pub before 1911, which was very short-lived due to the Bohemian competition. In 1910 13 people lived in the six houses in Hinterdaubitz and in 1921 there were 21.

In 1911 Friedrich Wilhelm Peschke bought the Niedermühle. Peschke was active as a local researcher and collector of antiquities. He founded the first village museum in Hinterhermsdorf and traveled to China several times . Peschke got into debt. In 1922, the Niedermühle ceased grinding and the sawmill was in dire need of repairs. In 1927 a flood of the Kirnitzsch caused severe damage.

In addition to the Hegerhaus, the Heger Alfred Pohl ran another pub in Hinterdaubitz. A special feature was that the Bohemian Mill, which was located in the river bend below, could only be reached via a road leading through Saxon territory to the Niedermühle. In 1932 Hinterdaubitz consisted of eight houses and had 37 residents. After the National Socialists came to power in the German Reich, the children from Hinterdaubitz were retrained in Zeidler in Bohemia in 1933 . In 1934 a Czechoslovak customs post was set up at Zeidlerbrücke. After the Munich Agreement , Hinterdaubitz was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Rumburg district until 1945 .

In the last days of the Second World War, at the end of April 1945, the death march of the inmates of the Schwarzheide satellite camp led via Hinterhermsdorf and Hinterdaubitz to Warnsdorf . The SS guards shot eight prisoners. After the end of the war, Hinterdaubitz returned to Czechoslovakia. Then the expulsion of the German residents began. Columns of expelled Germans moved across the border bridge to Hinterhermsdorf. Then the border was closed. 1950 Zadní Doubice still consisted of eight houses, but had no more residents. The Bohemian Mill burned down and the other houses on the Czech side were demolished in the 1950s. On the Saxon side there is the Niedermühle and a house in the hole in the valley.

After the Velvet Revolution , a border crossing for hikers and cyclists from Hinterhermsdorf to Zadní Doubice was opened in 1996. Today the cycle path leads from Hinterhermsdorf to Krásná Lípa over the border bridge. In 2001, restoration work began on the Niedermühle, which was owned by the Peschke family until 2002.

Attractions

  • Memorial plaque for the prisoners shot on the death march, in Temný důl ( Finsterer Grund ), east of Zadní Doubice
  • Vlčí deska ( wolf table ), south of the Niedermühle, where the last wolf was killed in 1640
  • Wall remains of the Bohemian mill
  • Upper lock, downstream on the Kirnitzsch
  • Khaatal
  • Remains of the rock castles Brtnický hrádek and Vlčí hrádek
  • Cave Great Prussian Camp
  • Sandstone rocks

Web links

Coordinates: 50 ° 55 '  N , 14 ° 24'  E