Sarubinzy culture
The Sarubinzy culture (English Zarubintsy culture , Russian Зарубинецкая культура ) was an archaeological culture of the Iron Age from the 3rd century BC. BC to the 1st century AD in the area of today's Ukraine and Belarus .
Distribution area
The distribution area was on the middle and upper Dnepr , in particular between Desna and Ros and on the Prypiat , to a lesser extent as far as the Southern Bug .
The name derives from the former village of Sarubynzi on the Dnieper (today in the area of the Dnieper dam ).
Today around 500 sites of this culture are known.
Emergence
The Sarubinzy culture emerged from the Milograd culture under the special influence of the Scythian and Sarmatian cultures, the Pomeranian face urn culture and the Celtic Latène culture .
economy
Sickles in high numbers indicate the importance of agriculture. It is also possible that there was a transition from “burning” (chopping and burning) to working with the plow. Cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, horses and other animals were kept. There was obviously a fur trade with the cities on the Black Sea .
Material culture
Scythian-Sarmatian influences can be clearly seen in ceramics as well as in everyday objects such as weapons. Jewelry from the La Tène culture was common ( fibulae ).
Settlements
The houses were sunk into the ground and erected with the help of wooden stakes. Some of the settlements were surrounded by wood and earth walls.
Funeral culture
In urns, corpses were buried in graves, with objects of daily use.
Changes
Since the 1st century, the previous settlement areas were partially abandoned in different directions, to the middle Dnepr, the Desna , Seversky Donets and other peripheral areas. The reason could have been a drier climate. Settlement areas were relocated to higher-lying, smaller elevations in the lowlands of what are actually swampy waters. It came in stronger contact with from the Don coming -region Sarmatian groups with Thracians and Celts (La Tene culture). Due to the changes, influences of the Sarubinzy culture can be seen in the Eastern Carpathians , in Podolia and in the areas of the Baltic ceramic and Moschtschiny culture .
From the 3rd century onwards, it was replaced by the Kiev culture in the east , the line pottery culture in the north, the Germanic Wielbark culture in the west and the Gothic Chernyakhov culture in the south .
literature
- Teresa Dąbrowska : Zarubincy culture. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 34, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-018389-4 , pp. 432-441.
- Paul Reinecke: From the Russian archaeological literature. In Mainzer Zeitschrift , 1906, pp. 42–50.
- JP Mallory: Zarubintsy Culture. In: Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture . Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997.
- SP Patschkowa: Sarubinezkaja kultura i latenisirowannye kultury Ewropy (The Sarubinsky culture and the latent cultures of Europe) . Kiev 2006 ( online ).
Remarks
- ^ Heinrich Beck, Heiko Steuer, Dieter Timpe (Red.): Die Germanen. Germania, Germanische Altertumskunde ( Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde ). De Gruyter, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-11-016383-7 , p. 145.