Central Division of the United Labor Front of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

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The Central Department of the United Labor Front of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese : 中共中央 统战部) is an agency under the orders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China . Their main role is to manage relationships with the non-communist party elite, including individuals and organizations who have social, commercial, or academic influences or who represent important interest groups inside and outside China. The United Labor Front wants to ensure that these groups support the rules of the Communist Party and are useful to it.

history

The department was established during the Chinese Civil War and restored in 1979 under Deng Xiaoping .

The United Labor Front was established in 1942 and is an office that reports directly to the CCP Central Committee. Its headquarters are said to be located at 135 Fuyou Street, Xicheng District , Beijing , China . This office should be primarily responsible for meeting the requirements of the Central Committee. The United Labor Front makes and implements plans, provides suggestions and advice for unified work, and monitors implementation.

Cheng Ganyuan (former United Labor Front agent) told The Epoch Times that the United Labor Front was an organization that had no equivalent in Western countries. Yet it would serve its founders effectively by exploiting "the weaknesses of human nature" and has done so since it existed. Cheng mentioned that United Labor Front missions "target people, not information."

Civil war and power gain

See also: First United Front and Second United Front

The united front policy was used in two time periods prior to the liberation, namely from 1924 to 1927 and from 1936 to 1945 when the Chinese Communist Party worked with the Nationalist Party to defeat the Japanese. The simplest formulation of the united front work at the time was "to gather as many allies as possible in order to [...] defeat a common enemy".

In the early years, the Chinese Communist Party also used the united front policy to work with "disaffected warlords, religious believers, ethnic minorities, overseas Chinese, and small parties and groups," that is, front groups that appeared democratic to the Communist Party. The party's united front strategies were effective against the nationalists when combined with military force, “ideological work” and alliance building that eventually isolated the enemy.

The Communist Party propagandists in China were able to convince “small parties and groups” that the nationalists were “illegitimate and repressive, while the Communist Party would embody progress, unity and democracy”.

After seizing power, the communists continued to use united front strategies to train new communist intellectuals "and used a thought reform based on criticism and began the transformation of the old society intellectuals ". This meant a forcible elimination of so-called "bourgeois and idealistic political beliefs" in order to establish belief in " class struggle and revolutionary change". The Chinese Communist Party demanded that intellectuals "believe in class struggle and revolutionary change."

Reform era

In the late 1970s the policy was used for the common cause of economic reform. From there, the Communist Party expanded internationally during the reform era and again after the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989. The office includes an office responsible for handling Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan and overseas affairs , and articulates the importance of using the Chinese people abroad to promote reunification. In the 1980s and 1990s the office played an important role in establishing support for the one country, two systems in Hong Kong ; they acted under the name of the "coordination office". The United Labor Front has been criticized for serving to use non-communist representatives outside of China and would use them "to neutralize party critics," sometimes with coercion.

John P. Burns, expert on Chinese political history, presents excerpts from internal party documents depicting the role of the United Labor Front in his book The Chinese Communist Party's Nomenklatura System ( The Chinese Communist Party's Nomenklatura System ). The United Labor Front is to "better realize the party's united front policy and assess and understand patriotic personalities in various areas [...] so that they can be used properly and their positive role in the Four Modernizations can be fully mobilized and brought into play, and to bring about the return of Taiwan to the motherland so that the cause of the unification of the whole country can be fulfilled and to advance and consolidate the revolutionary, patriotic united front ”.

The United Labor Front was set up in the early years of communist rule to "ensure that the Chinese Communist Party is in control" of groups that were not directly affiliated with the party and the government. These groups, including non-governmental organizations, were placed under the authority of the United Labor Front, whose mission after the liberation in 1949 was to "continue to mobilize and rally all the people for common struggle." When the Chinese Communist Party shifted its focus from the “ mass line ” to the “class struggle”, the real united front disappeared. Although the United Labor Front still existed to unite its duties with all its might for "common struggle", the office changed and the office mainly served the leadership of the party and to "consolidate the proletarian dictatorship," according to Zhang Ye, Fellow des Brookings Institutes.

Businesses and Affiliations

The United Labor Front of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the State Council is the most direct link between the leadership of the Communist Party and the minorities in China. The United Labor Front is using the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to conduct its United Front activities.

structure

The United Labor Front (People's Republic of China) consists of eight smaller political parties and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce . The United Labor Front maintains a close relationship with the State Administration for Religious Affairs, which oversees the five officially sanctioned religions, and plays an active role in the administration of ethnic and religious minorities, particularly in Tibet .

Business abroad

Some other state intelligence agencies have raised concerns that the mandate and operations of the United Labor Front may constitute undue interference in the internal affairs of other nations. In Nest of Spies: The Startling Truth about Foreign Agents at Work Within Canada's Borders , de Pierrebourg and Juneau-Katsuya claim that the United Labor Front is "important dossiers for managed abroad. These include propaganda, control of Chinese students abroad, the recruitment of agents among the Chinese diaspora (and benevolent foreigners), and long-term covert operations ”. In 2007 the Communist Party increased the United Labor Front's budget by $ 3 million to further strengthen China's "soft power" abroad.

See also

Associated Government Agencies of the People's Republic of China

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ China lists the 100 best private entrepreneurs. In: german.china.org.cn. October 26, 2018, accessed July 25, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Carol Lee Hamrin, Suisheng Zhao, Decision-Making in Deng's China: Perspectives from Insiders , ME Sharpe, 1995, pp. 66-67 , ISBN 978-0-7656-3694-2 , accessed July 5, 2017
  3. ↑ The United Front Work Department , China University of Mining and Technology, June 26, 2014, accessed July 5, 2017
  4. Jump up ↑ Leo Timm, Former Chinese Operative Tells of Decade in Political Subversion Force , The Epoch Times, October 11, 2015, accessed July 5, 2017
  5. ^ A b c d Gerry Groot, Managing Transitions: The Chinese Communist Party, United Front Work, Corporatism and Hegemony , Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 2–5, November 12, 2003, ISBN 0-415-93430-3 , accessed July 5, 2017
  6. ^ Gerry Groot, Managing Transitions: The Chinese Communist Party, United Front Work, Corporatism and Hegemony , Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 7, November 12, 2003, ISBN 0-415-93430-3 , accessed July 5 2017
  7. ↑ a b Gerry Groot, Managing Transitions: The Chinese Communist Party, United Front Work, Corporatism and Hegemony , Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 8, November 12, 2003, ISBN 0-415-93430-3 , accessed 5 July 2017
  8. ↑ United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, '华侨 、 华人 工作 的 基本 任务 ( Memento April 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), (Chinese) March 23, 2009, accessed July 5, 2017
  9. ↑ Christine Loh, Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong , Hong Kong University Press, p. 148, 2010, ISBN 978-962-209-996-8 , accessed July 5, 2017
  10. ↑ a b Holly Porteous, Commentary No. 72: Beijing's United Front Strategy in Hong Kong, Canadian Security Intelligence Service ( November 8, 2009 memento in the Internet Archive ), Winter 1998, accessed July 5, 2017
  11. ↑ John P. Burns, The Chinese Communist Party's Nomenklatura System: A Documentary Study of Party Control of Leadership Selection, 1979–1984 , University of Michigan, ME Sharpe, 1989, pp. 36–37, October 17, 2008, ISBN 978- 0-87332-566-0 , accessed July 5, 2017
  12. ↑ Zhang Ye, China's Emerging Civil Society ( December 24, 2004 memento in the Internet Archive ), The Brookings Institution, June 2003, accessed July 5, 2017
  13. ^ William A. Joseph, Politics in China: An Introduction , Oxford University Press, p. 169, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-533530-9 (accessed July 5, 2017)
  14. ↑ a b Fabrice De Pierrebourg, Michel Juneau-Katsuya, Nest of Spies: The Startling Truth about Foreign Agents at Work Within Canada's Borders , HarperCollins Canada, pp. 160-162, 2009, ISBN 978-1-55468-449-6 , Retrieved July 5, 2017