Zsófia Torma

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Zsófia Torma (no year)
Finds (contemporary recording)

Zsófia Torma (German also Sofie von Torma , born September 26, 1832 in Csicsókeresztúr ( Cristeştii Ciceului in Romanian ), Austrian Empire ; died November 14, 1899 in Orăştie (Szászváros in Hungarian), Austria-Hungary ) was a Hungarian amateur anthropologist and archaeologist .

Life

Zsófia Torma was the daughter of the noble landowner and historian József Torma (1801–1864), who carried out excavations in the vicinity of his agricultural property in Csicsókeresztúr in the Roman camp Arcobara . Her brother Károly Torma (1829-1897) was also an amateur archaeologist. Torma received a proper education, but no scientific training. She had no family of her own and later felt like an unloved annex to the family of her sister Luiza Makray.

Following advice from Flóris Rómer about the Tordos culture , she began researching in the area of ​​Deva Valea (formerly Sag) in Hunyad county and in the Nándori cave from 1875 . She found fragments of clay with characters and symbols of the six to seven thousand year old Vinča culture , some of the objects bore the Vinča symbol . Her findings caused a sensation, she published them in the writings of the Transylvanian Museum Society.

She assessed the characters on the broken glass as early characters and suggested that the characters be seen in connection with the Mesopotamian writing culture from the same period. In addition, she traced traces of this Thracian culture in the contemporary culture of the Hungarian, German and Romanian farmers.

Their essays were recognized by Oscar Fraas , Ludwig Lindenschmit , Archibald Henry Sayce and Heinrich Schliemann , while in Austria-Hungary the Hungarian archaeologists József Hampel and Ferenc Pulszky strictly rejected their hypotheses. Torma was also in correspondence with Arthur Evans , Archibald Henry Sayce , Rudolf Virchow , John Lubbock and Moriz Hoernes . She was a member of several scientific societies and non-profit organizations. She took part in archaeological-anthropological conferences twice in Germany. In June 1899 she received an honorary doctorate from the Franz Josef University of Cluj-Napoca .

Financial problems forced her to her collection at the 1891 Museum Erdélyi in Cluj to sell. The museum was also considered in her will.

Fonts (selection)

  • Hunyadvármegye neolith-kőkorszakbeli telepek . Ábrákkal. Kolozsvár, 1879
  • A nándori barlangcsoportozat. Két kőny. táblával . U. ott, 1880
  • Sofie von Torma: Ethnographic Analogies: A Contribution to the Design and Development History of Religions . Costenoble, Jena 1894 (translated into Hungarian, Budapest 1972; 2008, ISBN 978-963-9335-57-8 )
  • Hazánk népe ősmythosának maradványai . In: A Szolnok-Dobokamegyei nők ezredévi emléklapja. Deés, 1896
  • A tordosi őstelep és hazánk népe ősmythosának maradványai . In: Hunyadmegye Monographiája, 3–16. Budapest, 1897
  • Hunyadmegye története . I. köt. Hunyadvármegye földjének története az őskortól a honfoglalásig. U. ott, 1902

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Torma József , at MEK (hu)
  2. ↑ Laura Coltofean: When Passion is Stronger than Death , 2012, p. 72. 74.
  3. ↑ Laura Coltofean: Unveiling Zsófia Torma , 2014, p. 259.
  4. ↑ Laura Coltofean: When Passion is Stronger than Death , p. 72.
personal data
SURNAME Torma, Zsófia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Torma, Zsofia; Torma, Sofie von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian anthropologist and archaeologist
DATE OF BIRTH September 26, 1832
PLACE OF BIRTH Cristeștii Ciceului
DATE OF DEATH November 14, 1899
Place of death Orăștie