Zweydorff

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Zweydorff (also Twedorp and Zweidorf ) is the name of a Brunswick patrician and councilor family.

history

Coat of arms of the Braunschweig patrician family Zweidorf

The history of the von Zweydorff family ( van Twedorp ) goes back thematically to the time of Henry the Lion. They are considered to be the old Brunswick city nobility. In fact, there is also a place Zweidorf (today part of the Wendeburg community ) near the city of Braunschweig , from which the family name seems to be derived. Today's coat of arms was “based on” that of the patrician family of the same name.

The genealogy of the family seems to contradict this, because the patricians usually come from the surrounding area of ​​the cities concerned. Here, however, there is initially a not inconsiderable probability that the place of origin of the family can be seen in the village of Zweedorf (today part of the municipality of Schwanheide , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) near Lauenburg / Elbe and not far from Boitzenburg. But the veil of the past can evidently be lifted a little further, because Wieben had already pointed out that the Boizenburg councilor ("consul") Henricus de Thvedorp, who was recorded for 1241, also comes from Zweedorf, which is why the name of this place is based on this to an ancestor of the aforementioned Heinrich von Zweedorf must be considered - as a ministerial locator from the entourage of Henry the Lion . The state of Boizenburg and with it Zweedorf ( first mentioned in 1252 as Twedorp) in Mecklenburg were directly subordinate to Heinrich the Lion from 1143 to 1180.

Interesting in this context: In 1161, a knight Rotherus (de Feltem / von Veltheim) from Zweidorf in Brunswick is named, whose descendants are the main owners of the village. This as well as that ancestor of Twedorp, who will come from Zweidorf near Braunschweig (first mentioned in a document between 1132 and 1141), followed the Guelph Duke, who came from his residence in Braunschweig from the Pope's call to the Wendekreuzzug and the colonization of the north and the East Elbe Slavic tribes. After the subjugation of parts of the Obodritic Empire, it was the task of the locator to divide up the land, provide the materials for reclamation and to actually establish the respective village, which was apparently named after him. The later function of the locator was that of the judge - a typical function of ministerials.

The van Twedorps and others immigrated from Zweedorf. a. to Hamburg. There the name is listed under the "consules Hamburgenses" and goes back to the year 1237 in a line of trunks. The van Twedorp must have been quite wealthy here, which is already suggested by the earlier occurrence of a path named after them "Twedorpstwiete" in the St. Petri district. The "Bridge of Mr. Otto von Twedorpe" was also located here.

There are a number of indications that a certain Johann de Twedorp , who came from Hamburg, came to Braunschweig via Goslar , namely in the person of Johannes de Twedorp , who appeared in Goslar in 1312 in the “Council of Six”, that is to say on the board of the corporation of shareholders on the mining of the Rammelsberg . The setbacks in mining at that time (swamping of the pits since around 1300) could have caused this Johann to move again to the up-and-coming Hanseatic city of Braunschweig, where he was put on record as Heneke (nickname of Johann) and died in 1337 . There is no evidence of the name Twedorp in Braunschweig before him. Here he owned a house in the old town on Gördelinger Strasse.

With him begins the secure line of roots of this Braunschweig patrician and councilor family, at the same time a Hanseatic long-distance and wholesaling family, which was particularly active as a pool worker-entrepreneur. In the council of the Braunschweiger Neustadt thirteen councilors and mayors of the family are known from 1370 to 1600.

Early evidence of the name “Twedorp” can be found in the registers of the universities in Prague (1385), Erfurt (1409) and Leipzig (1418). The family also provided several nuns.

The van Twedorp had extensive property holdings, including ducal fiefs. Mayor Fricke van Twedorp (approx. 1355–1428) developed an outstanding economic commitment as a basin worker entrepreneur in Braunschweiger Neustadt and was probably the richest citizen of this district in his time. That should have been true for his father Lubbert (also Lutbert , mentioned since 1340; † 1387. Councilor in the Neustadt 1362 to 1373), son of the above-mentioned Heneke - indications also that the von Zweydorff with their first appearance in Braunschweig have already belonged to the class of the patriciate.

coat of arms

Heraldic shield: Three split red roses, often placed at an angle, in a silver field 2/1 with a green crossbar. Crest: column with peacock or cock feathers. Half a red rose in front of the column. The family's coat of arms was still on and in numerous buildings in Braunschweig until 1945. A historical depiction of the coat of arms: stained glass coat of arms by the author von Zweydorff around 1600 - formerly in the west window of the south aisle of the Brothers Church. Source: Städtisches Museum Braunschweig, Sign .: DI 56, Stadt Braunschweig II, No. 669.

Well-known family members

  • Otto de Twedorp (1255 councilor, † 1299), mayor or "consul" of the Hanseatic city of Hamburg. A bridge and a street were named after him in Hamburg, in the St. Petri district.
  • Fricke van Twedorp (approx. 1355–1428), mayor of Braunschweiger Neustadt. In the course of a lively diplomatic activity, as envoy of the city, in 1415 he obtained the founding documents of two schools, today's Martino-Katharineum high school, from Pope John XXIII. from the Council of Constance .
  • Anna von Zweydorff (1580–1666) was the mother of the ingenious inventor and mayor of Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke , who caused a sensation with his spectacular experiments before the emperor and empire.
  • Christian Georg von Zweydorff , born February 17, 1717, + November 13, 1792. The family provided several high-ranking military officers. Christian Georg von Zweydorff, Melchior Georg's son, is one of them. As “Herzogl. Braunschweig-Lüneburg Major General and Commander of the Braunschweig Fortress , also Chief of the Engineer Corps ”, he led the unusually large crowd (during the Braunschweig trade fair at the same time) on the occasion of the spectacle for the first manned“ aviation ”in Braunschweig in terms of organization and security. The performance was carried out by the French “airship” or “aeronaut” Jean Pierre Blanchard (there, picture with cannons in the background) with a hot air balloon . The ascent took place on August 10, 1788 in front of the ducal house and people in Braunschweig, from the August bulwark at the Wendentor.

Literature and Sources

Web links

Commons : Zweidorf family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Richard Hagen and Uwe Wieben: An overview of the history of the city of Boizenburg until 1917, page 8 f., In: Council of the city of Boizenburg (ed.): Boizenburg. Contributions to the history of the city. 1255-1280, Schwerin 1980
  2. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch Volume I, Certificate No. 529 online version
  3. ^ Heike Krause: Slavs and Germans in the countries of Wittenburg and Boizenburg. On the German East Settlement in the Middle Ages in: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Yearbook 1999, Volume 47, Lübstorf 2000, page 221
  4. ↑ Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Jegorow , The colonization of Mecklenburgs in the 13th century. Volume 2, Breslau 1930, page 406
  5. ↑ After this “detour”, Siebmacher-Hefner (Der Adel des Herzogtums Braunschweig [1], 1869) applies with the statement: “Patrician of the city of Braunschweig, named after the village of the same name located in its vicinity”, and it has its justification if the current coat of arms of the village of Zweidorf near Braunschweig was "based" on that of the later Braunschweig patrician family of the same name in the 20th century.
  6. ↑ ... and there is another place "Zweedorf" - near Rostock.
  7. ↑ See Jürgen v. Damm, “ancestors of Tiele v. Damm "1968 Vol. I, p. 268
  8. ↑ Sh. Hillebrand, metal trade - Hans. Document book, Vol. V, No. 301.
  9. ↑ Braunschw. Document book Vol. I, 1337, p. 383, No. 301.
  10. ^ A b Sophie Reidemeister: Genealogies of Braunschweiger patrician and council families, 1948, p. 148ff./ Br. Urkundenbuch
  11. ^ Heinrich Meier, Braunschweiger Bürgersöhne at German universities - in: Br. Jb. VII, p. 133.
  12. ^ Jürgen Bohmbach : The social structure of Braunschweig around 1400 . Braunschweig 1973, p. 71 u. 86 .
  13. ↑ See: v. Hefner : J. Siebmacher's… book of arms . II. Vol., Section 2, p. 11 and Plate 9 (Braunschw. Adel), 1857 / as above, Vol. III.2, Plate 511 (Preuss. Adel) / H. Grote, Sex and Coat of arms of the king Hann. u. Duchy Br.
  14. ↑ UaH Meier u. C. Kämpe, Heraldic Studies in the Architecture of the St. Br. - in: Br. Magazin 1903, No. 3.
  15. ^ Heinrich Reincke: Research and sketches for the Gesch. Hamburgs, 1951 and B. Beyland: Hamburg street names ..., 1925.
  16. ^ Paul Walter's compilations on the Braunschweigische Troop Corps (Web: arcinsys - January 1910, Volume 976.).
  17. ^ Braunschweigische advertisements, 1788, 61st issue (August 6).
  18. ↑ Wilh. Schrader, - in Braunschweigische Heimat, 1932, p. 108. Mentioned here as Gen. Major u. City Commander.