Oklahoma Sooners football and Frederic Rzewski: Difference between pages
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'''Frederic Anthony Rzewski''' (born [[April 13]] [[1938]] in [[Westfield, Massachusetts]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[composer]] and virtuoso [[pianist]]. |
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-->{{current sport-related|image=AmericanFootball current event.svg|mini=1|2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team}} |
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{{NCAAFootballSchool |
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| TeamName = [[Oklahoma Sooners]] football |
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| Image = OU-Logo.PNG |
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| ImageSize = 100 |
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| HeadCoachDisplay = Bob Stoops |
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| HeadCoachLink = Bob Stoops |
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| HeadCoachYear = 10th |
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| HCWins = 98 |
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| HCLosses = 22 |
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| HCTies = |
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| Stadium = Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium |
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| StadCapacity = 82,112 |
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| StadSurface = Grass |
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| Location = Norman, OK |
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| ConferenceDisplay= Big 12 |
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| ConferenceLink = Big 12 Conference |
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| ConfDivision = South |
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| FirstYear = 1895 |
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| AthlDirectorDisp = Joe Castiglione |
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| AthlDirectorLink = Joe Castiglione (athletic director) |
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| WebsiteName = SoonerSports.com |
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| WebsiteURL = http://www.soonersports.com |
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| ATWins = 757 |
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| ATLosses = 294 |
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| ATTies = 53 |
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| ATPercentage = |
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| BowlWins = 24 |
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| BowlLosses = 16 |
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| BowlTies = 1 |
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| NatlTitles = 7 |
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| ConfTitles = 41 |
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| Heismans = 4 |
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| AllAmericans = 144 |
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| Color1 = Crimson |
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| Color1Hex = 990000 |
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| Color2 = Cream |
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| Color2Hex = FFFDD0 |
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| FightSong = [[Boomer Sooner]] |
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| MascotDisplay = Sooner Schooner |
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| MascotLink = Sooner Schooner |
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| MarchingBand = [[The Pride of Oklahoma Marching Band]] |
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| PagFreeLabel = 2nd Mascot |
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| PagFreeValue = [[Boomer and Sooner (mascots)|Boomer and Sooner]] |
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| PagFreeLabel = Rivals |
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| PagFreeValue = [[Texas Longhorns football|Texas Longhorns]]<br />[[Nebraska Cornhuskers football|Nebraska Cornhuskers]]<br />[[Oklahoma State Cowboys]]}} |
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The '''Oklahoma Sooners football''' program is a [[college football]] team that represents the [[University of Oklahoma]] (variously "Oklahoma" or "OU"). The team is currently a member of the [[Big 12 Conference]], which is a [[Division I]] Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA). The program began in 1895 and is the most successful program of the modern era (post [[World War II]]) with 524 wins and a winning percentage of .761 since 1945.<ref>{{cite news | title=Football is a way of life for OU and its fans | publisher=Idaho Statesman | date=December 17, 2006 | accessdate=2006-12-19 | url=http://www.idahostatesman.com/104/story/64105.html | first=Chadd | last=Cripe }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=OU No. 1 Program of the Modern Era | publisher=SoonerSports.com | url=http://www.soonersports.com/sports/m-footbl/archive/m-footbl-no1-program-modern-era.html | accessdate=2007-08-21 }}</ref> The program has seven national championships, 41 conference championships, 144 [[All-Americans]], and four [[Heisman Trophy]] winners. In addition, the school has had five coaches and 17 players inducted into the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.collegefootball.org/famersearch.php?school=Oklahoma&sortby=school | publisher=National Football Foundation's College Football Hall of Fame | title=Hall of Famers | accessdate=2006-12-20 }}</ref> and holds the record for the longest winning streak in Division I-FBS history with 47 straight victories. The team is currently [[head coach|coached]] by [[Bob Stoops]] and home games are played at the [[Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium]] in [[Norman, Oklahoma]]. |
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== |
== Biography == |
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Rzewski (pronounced zheff-skee) began playing piano at age 5. He attended [[Phillips Academy]],[[Harvard University|Harvard]] and [[Princeton University|Princeton]], where his teachers included [[Randall Thompson]], [[Roger Sessions]], [[Walter Piston]] and [[Milton Babbitt]]. In 1960, he went to [[Italy]], a trip which was formative in his future musical development. In addition to studying with [[Luigi Dallapiccola]], he began a career as a performer of new piano music, often with an improvisatory element. A few years later he was a co-founder of [[Musica Elettronica Viva]] with [[Alvin Curran]] and [[Richard Teitelbaum]]. Musica Elettronica Viva conceived music as a [[collective]], [[collaboration|collaborative]] process, with [[improvisation]] and live [[electronic instrument]]s prominently featured. In [[1971]] he returned to New York. <ref>"Frederic Rzewski," in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.</ref> |
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===Pre-Owen era (1895-1904)=== |
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The football program at the University of Oklahoma is the most famous aspect of Sooner athletics. Football at Oklahoma made its start in September [[1895 in sports|1895]], 12 years before statehood and one year after the first organized football game in [[Oklahoma Territory]]. The team was organized by [[John A. Harts]], a student from [[Winfield, Kansas]] who had played the game in his home state.<ref name="upsdowns">{{cite news | first=Harold | last=Keith | pages=12-13, 54 | title=Football Ups and Downs | date=September 1942 | publisher=Sooner Magazine | url=http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/sooner/articles/p12-13,54_1942v15n1_OCR.pdf }}</ref> That first team was composed of mostly non-students, such as a local fireman. That first "season" saw the team go 0–1, being blanked 0–34 by a more experienced [[Oklahoma City]] Town Team (the Sooners could not even muster a [[first down]]). The first game was played on a field of low prairie grass just northwest of the current site of Holmberg Hall. Several members of the Oklahoma team were injured, including Coach Harts, and by the end of the game, the Oklahoma team was borrowing members from the opposing squad so they would have a full lineup. After that year, Harts left Oklahoma to prospect for [[gold]] in the [[Arctic]].<ref name="kidsgame">{{cite news | first=Carol | last=Burr | page=Inside front cover | title=If you think football is just a kids' game, you didn't attend the University of Oklahoma | date=Fall 1998 | url=http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/sooner/articles/prologue_1998v19n1_OCR.pdf | publisher=Sooner Magazine |format=PDF}}</ref> |
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In 1977 Rzewski became Professor of [[Musical composition|Composition]] at the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in [[Liège (city)|Liège]], [[Belgium]], then directed by [[Henri Pousseur]]. Occasionally he teaches for short periods at schools and universities throughout the U.S. and Europe, including [[Yale University]], the [[University of Cincinnati]], the [[California Institute of the Arts]], the [[University of California, San Diego]], the [[Royal Conservatory of The Hague]] and [[Trinity College of Music]], London. (ibid) |
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The team got its first real coach in 1897 when the new modern language professor, [[Vernon Louis Parrington]], was drafted as head coach (they played two games in 1896 with no coach). Parrington played some football at [[Harvard]] and was more exposed to football because he was from the [[East Coast of the United States|east coast]]. In his four years as head coach (1897-1900), Parrington's teams racked up 9 wins, to one loss and two ties.<ref name="SoonerStats">{{cite web | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/coaches/ou/index.cfm | title=Football Coaches | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-08-02 }}</ref> After the 1900 season, football began interfering with Parrington's teaching, his real passion. He stepped down as head coach shortly thereafter and went on to win the [[Pulitzer Prize for History]] in 1928 at the [[University of Washington]]. |
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[[Image:OU-ArkCity 1899.jpg|thumb|300px|Oklahoma vs. Arkansas City (Kansas) Town Team in 1899 with Vernon Parrington as coach.]] |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Bedlam.jpg|thumb|left|Statue that stands at the site of the original Bedlam game in Guthrie, Oklahoma.]] --> |
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The Sooners had three coaches over the next four seasons. Fred Roberts led the Sooners to a 3–2 season in 1901, Mark McMahon recorded an 11–7–3 record in his two years as coach from 1902 and 1903, and Fred Ewing recorded a 4–3–1 record in 1904.<ref name="SoonerStats"/> The most notable event of those four years came in 1904 when Oklahoma had its first match against its instate rival, [[Oklahoma State University|Oklahoma A&M]]. The game was played on November 6, 1904 at a park in [[Guthrie, Oklahoma]]. The Oklahoma team soundly defeated the Oklahoma Aggies 75–0, but it was an unusual touchdown that is remembered most of that game. {{Cquote|The day was bitterly cold with blustery winds out of the north. The boundaries were vaguely defined. And one of the oddest touchdowns ever recorded in football history occurred when an Aggie punt was carried backward by the wind until it bounced into Cottonwood Creek. Players from both teams pursued the evasive football into the deeper, chilly waters of the creek, but it was a Rough Rider who prevailed and climbed ashore with the football. Incidentally, every player on the Oklahoma squad scored that day, soundly defeating the Aggies 75-0.|20px|20px|Taken from statue in Guthrie, Oklahoma. See photo.}} [[Bedlam Series|Bedlam]] football, the athletic rivalry between the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University, was born that day. |
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Many of Rzewski's works are inspired by [[secular]] and socio-historical themes, show a deep political conscience and feature improvisational elements. Some of his better-known works include ''[[The People United Will Never Be Defeated!]]'' (36 variations on the [[Sergio Ortega]] song ''[[El pueblo unido jamás será vencido]]''), a set of virtuosic piano variations written as a companion piece to Beethoven's [[Diabelli Variations]]; ''Coming Together'', which is a setting of letters from [[Sam Melville]], an inmate at [[Attica State Prison]], at the time of [[Attica Prison riots|the famous riots there]] (1971); ''North American Ballads''; ''Night Crossing with Fisherman''; ''Fougues''; ''Fantasia'' and ''Sonata''; ''The Price of Oil'', and ''Le Silence des Espaces Infinis'', both of which use graphical notation; ''Les Moutons de Panurge''; and the ''Antigone-Legend'', which features a principled opposition to the policies of the State, and which was premiered on the night that the United States bombed [[Libya]] in April [[1986]] (ibid). Between his most recent compositions, the most interesting are the two sets of ''Nanosonatas'' (2007) and the ''Cadenza con o senza Beethoven'' (2003), written on the [[Beethoven]]'s Fourth Piano Concerto. |
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===Owen era (1905-1946)=== |
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[[Image:1915 Sooner Football team.png|thumb|The undefeated team of 1915.]] |
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After ten years of football, the program began to get serious and started looking for a permanent coach, [[Bennie Owen]]. Owen was a [[quarterback]] on the undefeated [[University of Kansas|Kansas]] team of 1899 led by famous coach [[Fielding Yost]]. Owen's previous team beat Oklahoma twice in 1903 and 1904, so the Sooners were familiar with his ability. Owen's first two years at Oklahoma were spent between [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]] and [[Arkansas City, Arkansas|Arkansas City]] as Oklahoma did not have in the budget enough funds to keep him there all year around. The early years of Owen's tenure were tough for budget reasons. Due to a low travel budget, his teams would regularly have to play as many as three games in one trek.<ref name="upsdowns"/> For instance, in 1905, his squad played three teams in three [[Kansas]] cities in five days and again in 1909 when they played three games in [[Missouri]] and [[Texas]] in six days. In Owen's first year, [[1905 in sports|1905]], he gave Oklahoma its first victory over rival [[Texas Longhorns|Texas]], defeating them 2–0. Owen's first dominant team came in 1908 when they went 8–1–1, losing only to the powerful [[Kansas Jayhawks|Kansas]] team. His 1908 team used hand-offs directly to large runners as the forward pass was just becoming common. His 1911 team, on the other hand, had several small and fast players that the quarterback would pass directly to. That team went 8–0. Owen had two more undefeated seasons in [[Oklahoma Sooners football, 1910-1919#1915|1915]] and 1918. 1920 was also Oklahoma's first season in the stronger [[Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association]]. In the new conference, they went 6–0–1 tying only [[Kansas State University]]. During Owen's 22 year career at Oklahoma, he went 122–54–16, a 67.7% winning percentage.<ref name="SoonerStats"/> In 1951, he became the first person from Oklahoma to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. It was the inaugural year for the Hall of Fame and Owen was inducted along with many of the biggest names of the game including [[Walter Camp]], [[Knute Rockne]] and [[Fielding Yost]]. |
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[[Image:1915 OU Texas game.png|thumb|left|A page from the 1916 Sooner Yearbook showing images from the 1915 OU-Texas game. The Sooners won 14-13.]] |
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The next two coaches that came after Owen, [[Adrian Lindsey]] and [[Lewie Hardage]], amounted to little, going a combined 30–31–10 over eight seasons. The next coach, [[Lawrence Jones|Lawrence "Biff" Jones]], went 9–6–3 in his two seasons at the helm, but he is credited for reining in the athletic department's administration, finances, and methods. The whole football program was placed on a solid footing necessary for success in modern times.<ref name="upsdowns"/> Jones was a "blunt-spoken, hard-nosed military man" who graduated from [[West Point]] in 1917.<ref name="Century">{{cite book |last=Clark |first=J. Brent |title=Sooner Century: 100 Glorious Years of Oklahoma Football |year=1995 |publisher=Quality Sports Publications |id=ISBN 1-885758-04-9 }}</ref> Jones coached Army from 1926 to 1929 and then was the head coach of [[Louisiana State University]]. He was fired from LSU after refusing then-governor [[Huey Long]]'s request to address the team during halftime of a game.<ref>{{cite news | title=Sooner Sports | publisher=Sooner Magazine | url=http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/sooner/articles/p12-14_1946v18n11_OCR.pdf | page=12-13 | accessdate=2006-09-08 | month=July | year=1946 | first=Harold | last=Keith |format=PDF}}</ref> His tenure at Oklahoma came during the [[Dust Bowl]]. The dust storms were so thick it would block the sun and the players would be covered in dust at the end of practice.<ref name="Century"/> In 1954, Jones was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. |
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[[Nicolas Slonimsky]] (1993) says of him in ''[[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]]'': "He is furthermore a granitically overpowering piano technician, capable of depositing huge boulders of sonoristic material across the keyboard without actually wrecking the instrument." |
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In 1937, [[Tom Stidham]] became the coach. Stidham took the solid footing put in place by Jones and stood on it. In his four seasons, Stidham's team went 27–8–3 for a winning percentage of 75%.<ref name="SoonerStats"/> When he left in 1941, his assistant coach, [[Dewey Luster]] succeeded him. After Luster's first season, a 6–3 season, the [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|attacked Pearl Harbor]]. As was the case with schools all over the country, many players left the team to join the military.<ref name="upsdowns"/> |
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== Catalogue of Works == |
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Luster stepped down after the 1945 season due to ill health. The OU Board of Regents interviewed several candidates for the new head coaching job and one of those men was [[Jim Tatum]]. With him, he brought another coach, Bud Wilkinson, who would be his assistant coach. The Board was so impressed with Wilkinson that they considered hiring him for the head coaching position but decided against it as it would be unethical.<ref>{{cite book | title=Presidents Can't Punt: The OU Football Tradition | first=George Lynn | last=Cross | authorlink=George Lynn Cross | month=September | year=1977 | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman, Oklahoma | id=ISBN 0-8061-1419-3 }}</ref> In the end, they decided to hire Tatum and his assistant over several other coaches including [[Paul "Bear" Bryant]]. Tatum had a relatively successful season finishing with an 8–3 record including a 73–12 win over Oklahoma A&M. When Tatum left for [[University of Maryland, College Park|Maryland]] after the 1946 season, Wilkinson stepped up. |
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STAGE: The Persians – Les Perses – Die Perser (music theatre work, libretto by the composer, after Aeschylus), 4 soloists, 5 actors, bass clarinet (+ contrabass clarinet, sopranino saxophone), trombone, double bass (+ bass guitar), piano, 2 percussion, 1985; The Triumph of Death (staged oratorio, text by Peter Weiss), 4 voices, string quartet, 1987-88 |
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===Wilkinson era (1947-1963)=== |
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[[Bud Wilkinson]] was a quarterback for the [[University of Minnesota]] and won three national championships in the 1930s. His coaching career began at [[Syracuse University]] and then at his alma mater Minnesota. After his service in the [[U.S. Navy]] in [[World War II]], he began coaching at a naval academy in Iowa with Jim Tatum. When Tatum came to Oklahoma, he brought Wilkinson with him. Wilkinson went 7–2–1 in his first year and shared the conference title with Kansas for the second year in a row. |
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ORCHESTRAL: Nature Morte, small orchestra (winds, French horn, trumpet, harp, violin, cello, piano, organ, 5 percussion), 1964; A Long Time Man, piano, orchestra, 1979; Satyrica, guitar, double bass, piano, synthesizer, vibraphone, percussion, symphonic band, 1983; Una Breve Storia d'Estate, 3 flutes, orchestra, 1983; Scratch Symphony, 1997; Movable Types, 1999 |
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In 1949, the Sooners went undefeated, defeating LSU 35 to 0 in their back yard at the [[Sugar Bowl]]. However, the game is best known as the "spy incident" since former LSU player Piggy Barnes was caught spying on the Sooner's practices.[http://books.google.com/books?id=5J6V5K_O4cEC&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=1950+sugar+bowl+spy+incident&source=web&ots=BW5BBhqBkx&sig=uUq8nkTBYZp_mJBsEmn29DFRXz0&hl=en] Despite going undefeated and winning their bowl game, the Sooners were denied a national championship since it was awarded to Notre Dame, a team that did not play in a bowl game.[http://www.appollarchive.com/football/ap/seasons.cfm?SeasonID=1949] Wilkinson went on to win the school its first national championship in [[1950 in sports|1950]] despite the fact they lost their last game against [[Bear Bryant]]'s [[University of Kentucky|Kentucky]] team. That loss was the Sooners' first loss since a season opener loss to [[Santa Clara University]] in [[1948 in sports|1948]], 31 games earlier. In [[1952 in sports|1952]], Oklahoma had its first [[Heisman Trophy]] winner in [[Running back|halfback]] [[Billy Vessels]], a local player from [[Cleveland, Oklahoma]]. In [[1953 in sports|1953]], the Sooners opened with a loss to [[University of Notre Dame|Notre Dame]] and tied [[University of Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]] the next week. The Sooners would not lose another game for more than three years when they faced Notre Dame in November [[1957 in sports|1957]], losing 7–0. |
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CHAMBER MUSIC: Speculum Dianae, any 8 improvisational players, 1964; Selfportrait, any player, 1964; Prose Pieces, improvisational ensemble, 1967-68; Les Moutons de Panurge, any number of melody instruments, 1968; Last Judgment, trombone/any number of unison trombones, 1969; Second Structure, improvisational ensemble, 1972; Song and Dance, flute, bass clarinet, double bass, vibraphone, 1976; Thirteen Instrumental Studies, variable ensemble, 1972-77; Moonrise with Memories, bass trombone, ensemble (any 6 soprano-range instruments), 1978; Three Pieces, soprano saxophone, trombone, piano, 1979; Aria, flute, 1981; Pennywhistlers, recorder, 1981; Wails, bass clarinet (+ sopranino saxophone), piano, 2 percussion, 1984; Lost and Found (player also speaks), percussion, 1985; To the Earth (player also speaks), percussion, 1985; Spots, any 4 players, 1986; Don't Have it Today (player also speaks), double bass, 1986; The Lost Melody, clarinet, piano, 2 percussion, 1989; Roses, flute, clarinet, trumpet, tuba, violin, cello, accordion, percussion, 1989; Aerial Tarts, flute, clarinet/saxophone, violin, cello, piano, 2 percussion, 1990; Whangdoodles, hammer dulcimer (+ mallet instruments ad libitum), violin, piano, 1990; Shtick, clarinet/soprano saxophone, 1990 |
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Author Steve Budin, whose father was a New York bookie, has recently publicized the claim that the 1954 [[Bedlam Series|Bedlam game]] against [[Oklahoma State Cowboys#Football|OSU]] was fixed by mobsters in his book ''Bets, Drugs, and Rock & Roll'' (ISBN 1-602-39099-1).<ref>{{cite book| author= Budin, Steve with Schaller, Bob| title=Bets, Drugs, and Rock & Roll: The Rise and Fall of the World's First Offshore Sports Gambling Empire| publisher=Skyhorse Publishing| year=2007| id=ISBN 1-602-39099-1}}</ref> Allegedly, the mobsters threatened and paid off a cook to slip laxatives into a soup eaten by many OU Sooner starting players, causing them to fall violently ill in the days leading up to the game. OU was victorious in the end, but their 14-0 win did not cover the 20-point spread they had in their favor. However, many people involved in the 1954 contest do not recall any incident like the one purported by Budin to have occurred.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/news/story?id=3043529 | title=Book claims '54 Bedlam Game was fixed by mob| publisher=ESPN | accessdate=2007-10-02 | format=HTML | language=English}}</ref> |
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CHAMBER MUSIC: Knight, cello, 1992; Holes, any 4-8 players, 1993; Crusoe, any 4-12 players, 1993; Histories, 4 saxophones, 1993; Whimwhams, marimba, string quartet, 1993; Family Scenes, flute, 3 saxophones, French horn, 3 trumpets, 2 trombones, bass trombone, double bass/bass guitar, piano, 1995; When the Wind Blows, flute, soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, flügelhorn, trombone, guitar, double bass/bass guitar, piano, 1996; Spiritus, 4 recorders, percussion, 1997; ForHanns, flute, clarinet, cello, piano, 1998; Trio, violin, cello, piano, 1998; Main Drag, any 9 players, 1999; Cradle Rock, flute, soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, flügelhorn, trombone, guitar, double bass/bass guitar, piano, 1999; Pocket Symphony, flute, clarinet, violin, cello, piano, percussion, 2000; 96 (canon), 5 players, 2003 |
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Wilkinson and his Sooners set a record with 47 consecutive wins, a record that, as of the end of the 2007 season, has only been seriously threatened twice--by [[Miami Hurricanes football|Miami]] and the [[University of Southern California]], both in the current decade. During this streak, the Sooners won the national championship in [[1955 in sports|1955]] and [[1956 in sports|1956]]. Additionally, the Sooners won or shared 14 straight conference titles from 1946 to 1959, one under Tatum and 13 under Wilkinson. The closest any team in the Big 8/Big 12 alone has come to matching it is the Sooners' run of eight straight titles (two of them shared) from 1973 to 1980. The Sooners also went undefeated in conference play from November 23, 1946 season through [[Halloween]] 1959; their record was only blemished by two ties. This record has never been seriously threatened by any team in what is now the Football Bowl Subdivision; in the Big 8/Big 12 alone, no team since has gone undefeated in conference play more than three years in a row. |
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CHORAL: Requiem, Part 1, speaker, male chorus, Jew's harp, piano, organ/electronic simulation, tubular bells, bull-roarer, woodblock, radio, 1963-67; Struggle Song, mixed chorus, 1973 (version by Gregory Rose of vocal work); Le silence des Espaces Infinis, female chorus, any player, 7 orchestral groups, tape, 1980; Stop the War!, mixed chorus, 1995; Stop the Testing!, mixed chorus, 1995 |
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Wilkinson's best teams came during the first eleven years of his tenure. In that time, he recorded winning streaks of 31 and 47 games and went 114–10–3, a winning percentage of 90.9%. Wilkinson left Oklahoma after the 1963 season with a record of 145–29–4, 14 conference titles and 123 straight games without being shut out. |
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VOCAL: Jefferson (text by Thomas Jefferson), voice, piano, 1970; Freud, voice, 1970; Coming Together, speaker, variable ensemble, 1971; Attica, speaker, variable ensemble, 1972; Struggle Song, voice, variable ensemble, 1973 (also version by Gregory Rose for mixed chorus); The Price of Oil, 2 voices/vocal ensembles, 8 amplified pipe ensembles, any 2 similar ensembles, 1980; Snacks, voice, mixed chorus ad libitum, any ensemble ad libitum, 1981; Antigone-Legend (text by Bertolt Brecht [translated by Judith Malina]), voice, piano, 1982; Songs, voice, piano, 1973-83; Mayakovsky, speaker, piano, string quartet, 1984; Mary's Dream, soprano, contrabass clarinet, cello, piano, percussion, 1984; Force, 2 speakers, any 1-2 wind instruments, any 1-2 plucked instruments, 1-2 noisemakers, weigher ad libitum, 1985; The Waves, speaker, variable ensemble, 1988; Tinkleberries (collection of ditties), voice, any number of players, 1980-90; The Burghers of Rostock, voice, piano, 1992; Snippets, speaker, piano, 1994; Logique (text by Paul Verlaine), voice, flute, cello, piano, 1997 |
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During Wilkinson's tenure, another first would be recorded, just not in the record books. [[Prentice Gautt]] would become the first black football player at the University of Oklahoma. Gautt had been a superior student at an [[Oklahoma City]] high school. He was a member of the [[National Honor Society]] and president of his senior class. During his junior and senior years of high school, he helped his team amass a 31 game win streak. He was also the first black player to participate in the state all-star game.<ref name="Gautt">{{cite news | first=Carol | last=Burr | page=10-15 | title=Prentice Gautt: A Sooner's Story | date=Spring 1987 | url=http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/sooner/articles/p10-15_1987v7n2_OCR.pdf | publisher=Sooner Magazine |format=PDF}}</ref> Gautt was not the first black player to try out for the team, three others had two years earlier. Two could not afford to continue and dropped out, and one was injured. Because of Gautt's academic success in high school, he was supported financially by a group of local black doctors and pharmacists. A couple months into his freshman year, Gautt was placed on athletic scholarship and the money was returned to the investors. Unfortunately, members of Gautt's team were not as excited to play with him and he was with them. One player even left Oklahoma because he refused to play with an African American.<ref name="Gautt"/> However, Gautt's attitude eventually grew on them. After a freshman game in [[Tulsa]], Gautt was refused service in the restaurant where the team was scheduled to eat. His teammates abruptly left and found an eating establishment that would also serve him.<ref name="Gautt"/> Oklahoma also had to stay at a different hotel during Gautt's eligibility in [[Fort Worth, Texas]] because their normal hotel did not permit blacks.<ref name="Gautt"/> Gautt broke out as a player in 1958. In [[1959 in sports|1959]], he was named the [[Orange Bowl (game)|Orange Bowl]] [[MVP]]. He was inducted into the [[College Football Hall of Fame]] in [[1985 in sports|1985]]. |
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PIANO: |
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===Interregnum (1964-1972)=== |
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Chain of Thought, 1953;<br /> |
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Wilkinson's assistant coach, [[Gomer Jones]], took over as head coach in [[1964 in sports|1964]], a move Wilkinson engineered himself. His first year would prove to be a sharp contrast from Wilkinson's early years as the Sooners went 6–4–1.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/seasons/schedule.cfm?SeasonID=1964 | title=1964 Football Season | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-08-04 }}</ref> The season saw them start 1-3 with three consecutive losses to [[USC Trojans football|Southern California]], [[Texas Longhorn Athletics|Texas]] and [[Kansas Jayhawks|Kansas]]. But the hardest loss came in the [[Gator Bowl]] to [[Florida State Seminoles|Florida State]]. Prior to the game, it was found that four of the better players had signed professional football contracts before their college eligibility had expired. Those four were dismissed from the team prior to the bowl game.<ref>{{cite news | first=Ned | last=Hockman | title=Bowled over by a mouthful | publisher=Sooner Magazine | url=http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/sooner/articles/p22-25_1965v37n3_OCR.pdf | date=January 1965 | accessdate=2006-08-04 | pages=22-25 |format=PDF}}</ref> Oklahoma lost this game 36–19. The next season's team fared no better, going 3–7, Oklahoma's worst record, percentage wise, since it went 0–1 its inaugural season in 1895. This brought the Jones era to a quick close, although he did remain at Oklahoma as the [[athletic director]], a role he also held when he was head coach. |
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Tabakrauch, 1954; <br /> |
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Preludes, 1957; <br /> |
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Poem, 1958; <br /> |
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Introduction and Sonata, 2 pianos, 1959;<br /> |
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Study 2 (Dreams), 1961; <br /> |
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Falling Music, 1971 (also version for amplified piano, tape, 1971);<br /> |
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No Place to Go but around, 1974; <br /> |
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36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!', 1975;<br /> |
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Four Pieces, 1977;<br /> |
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Squares, 1978;<br /> |
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North American Ballads, 1978-79 (each of its four sections may be performed separately: Dreadful Memories; Which Side are You on?; Down by the Riverside; Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues; also version of Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues for 2 pianos, 1980);<br /> |
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A Machine, 2 pianos, 1984;<br /> |
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Eggs, 1986;<br /> |
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Steptangle, 1986;<br /> |
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The Turtle and the Crane, 1988;<br /> |
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Variations on 'Mayn Yingele', 1988;<br /> |
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Fantasy, 1989;<br /> |
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Bumps, 1990;<br /> |
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Ludes, 1990-91;<br /> |
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Sonata, 1991;<br /> |
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De Profundis, 1991-92;<br /> |
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Andante con Moto, without a theme by Beethoven, 1992;<br /> |
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A Life, 1992;<br /> |
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Night Crossing with Fisherman, 2 pianos, 1994;<br /> |
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Fougues, 1994;<br /> |
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The Road: |
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** Part 1 -- ''Turns'' (1995); |
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** Part 2 -- ''Tracks'' (1996); |
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** Part 3 -- ''Tramps'' (1997); |
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** Part 4 -- ''Stops'' (1998); |
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** Part 5 -- ''A Few Knocks'' (1999); |
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** Part 6 -- ''Travelling with Children'' (1999); |
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** Part 7 -- ''Final Preparations'' (1999-2002); and |
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** Part 8 -- ''The Big Day Arrives'' (2002-03). |
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(''The Road'' is one of the [[longest non-repetitive piano piece]]s ever written. A complete performance of ''The Road'' at Trinity College of Music, London, on May 8, 2006, featuring a wide range of pianists including Rzewski himself, had a duration a little under 10 hours.)<br /> |
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Johnny Has Gone for a Soldier, 2003;<br /> |
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Cadenza con o senza Beethoven, 2003;<br /> |
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Dust, 2003<br /> |
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Following Jones's 9–11–1 record, Oklahoma brought in a young coach from the [[University of Arkansas]] named [[Jim Mackenzie]]. He wanted discipline for his team so he set a curfew for his players and required them to enroll in [[physical education]] class.<ref>{{cite news | first=Larry | last=McDade | title=Mackenzie Begins | publisher=Sooner Magazine | url=http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/sooner/articles/p4-7_1966v38n3_OCR.pdf | date=March 1966 | accessdate=2006-08-04 | page=4-7 |format=PDF}}</ref> His season saw an improvement from the previous, but it still did not meet the expectations of Sooner football that Wilkinson had set. The [[1966 in sports|1966]] team went 6–4 with a win in the [[Red River Shootout]] over rival [[Texas Longhorn Athletics|Texas]] coached by former Oklahoma [[defensive back]] [[Darrell Royal]], their first win over Texas since [[1957 in sports|1957]]. They also beat the number four team in the land, rival [[Nebraska Cornhuskers|Nebraska]] by a score of 10–9. The 1966 season showed promise for the young coach, but, on April 28, 1967, at the age of 37, Mackenzie died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]]. |
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Rubinstein in Berlin, written for pianist Hong Xu for his debut recital at the Wigmore Hall, London Nov. 7th, 2008. |
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After the 1964 season, [[Chuck Fairbanks]], an assistant coach at the [[University of Houston]], was offered a job at [[University of Tennessee|Tennessee]]. He wanted to accept, but it was the middle of the summer and unusually late for a coaching move, so he decided to stay loyal to Houston and he remained there. After the next season, he was offered a position as an assistant on Mackenzie's staff at Oklahoma, a position he felt was a better job than the Tennessee position.<ref name="Destiny">{{cite news | first=Bill | last=Connors | title=Destiny and Charles Fairbanks | publisher=Sooner Magazine | url=http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/sooner/articles/p4-7_1967v40n1_OCR.pdf | date=September 1967 | accessdate=2006-08-04 | page=4-7 |format=PDF}}</ref> Immediately after the 1965 season, Fairbanks was offered a job at Missouri with the promise that he would be the head coach within four years.<ref name="Destiny"/> He declined and stayed at Oklahoma. Four months later, Coach Mackenzie died and Fairbanks was named head coach. It did not take long for Fairbanks to turn the team around. His first season, in [[1967 in sports|1967]], his squad went 10–1. They entered their sixth game with a 5–1 record (their only loss was a two point loss coming to rival Texas) and unranked<ref name="APNote">All rankings post 1950 are based on the [[AP Poll]].</ref> and beat ninth ranked Colorado, 23–0. This propelled Fairbanks's team to a number eight ranking. They continued their romp through the season and beat the number two team in the country Tennessee 26–24 in the [[Orange Bowl (game)|Orange Bowl]]. They finished the season ranked number three in the country. |
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[[Image:SteveOwensStatue.png|thumb|250px|Statue commemorating Oklahoma's 2nd Heisman winner Steve Owens.]] |
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Fairbanks lost four games in each of the next three seasons. Despite the relatively mediocre record of those years, several great players came through Fairbanks' program. One of those players was [[Steve Owens (football)|Steve Owens]]. Owens was born in [[Gore, Oklahoma]] in 1947. After an impressive year in 1969, despite Oklahoma's record, Owens was named the Sooners' second Heisman Trophy winner. Many believe that Owens saved Fairbanks' career by helping defeat rival Oklahoma State.<ref name="Century"/> |
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HARPSICHORD: The Housewife's Lament, 1980 |
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It did not take long for Fairbanks to return the team to form. His 1970 team tied Bear Bryant's [[University of Alabama athletics|Alabama]] team in the [[Bluebonnet Bowl]] to finish as the number 20 team in the country. They began the [[1971 in sports|1971]] season ranked number ten. In consecutive weeks, they beat number 17 Southern California, number three Texas, and number six Colorado. |
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ELECTROACOUSTIC: Zoologischer Garten, tape, 1965 |
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These early-season wins propelled them to a number two national ranking and set the stage for one of the great college football games of the century against top-ranked Nebraska.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://espn.go.com/classic/s/beano_oklaneb.html | title=The greatest game ever played | first=Beano | last=Cook | publisher=ESPN.com | accessdate=2007-09-10 }}</ref> Oklahoma was led by quarterback [[Jack Mildren]] and running back [[Greg Pruitt]]. The team was a scoring machine, averaging 44.5 points per game, the second highest in team history.<ref name="PointsStats">{{cite web | title=Season Points Scored Records | publisher=SoonerStats.com | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/recordbook/team/off_pts_season.cfm | accessdate=2006-08-04 }}</ref> Equally impressive that season was Pruitt's nine yards per carry (for comparison, Heisman Trophy winning running back [[Barry Sanders]] averaged 7.64 yards per carry his record breaking 1988 season in which he had 2,628 rushing yards). On November 25, 1971, Nebraska edged Oklahoma, 35–31 in what was to be the only loss of the season for Oklahoma. Oklahoma went on to beat Oklahoma State and fifth ranked [[Auburn University|Auburn]] to finish the season ranked number two. |
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TV PRODUCTION: Chains (12 TV operas), voice, 6 players, 1986 |
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Fairbanks closed out his career at Oklahoma the following year with a win in the [[Sugar Bowl]] over [[Penn State]] after having lost once all season, to Colorado. Following this season, Fairbanks accepted a position with the [[NFL]]'s [[New England Patriots]]. He left behind a mess for the new head coach, Fairbank's [[offensive coordinator]], Barry Switzer. |
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== Discography == |
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===Switzer era (1973-1989)=== |
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=== Composed By Rzewski === |
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As an offensive coordinator in 1971, [[Barry Switzer]] perfected the [[wishbone formation|wishbone]] offense as it led the nation in both scoring (45 points average) and total yards (563 total yards average), and set a [[NCAA]] record by averaging over 472 rushing yards. The Sooners finished the season ranked #2, losing only once, 35-31 to eventual national champion Nebraska in the [[Game of the Century]]. |
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[http://www.soonerstats.com/football/games/recap.cfm?GameID=690] When Head Coach [[Chuck Fairbanks]] accepted the position of Head Coach of the New England Patriots following the 1972 season, Switzer was the obvious choice to succeed him. |
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36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!'. Ursula Oppens, piano (Vanguard Classics: 8056, 1993) |
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Soon after [[Barry Switzer]] took the reins of the program, the NCAA forced Oklahoma to forfeit nine games from the 1972 season due to violations involving the alteration of transcripts. Fairbanks denied any knowledge of this. As a punishment, the Sooners could not play in a bowl game for two years. This setback did not stop Switzer's Sooners. His 1973 team finished 10–0–1 with only a tie to the number one ranked USC team.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/seasons/schedule.cfm?SeasonID=1973 | title=1973 Football Season | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-08-04 }}</ref> They finished the season ranked number three after beating seven teams ranked in the top 20. He showed no signs of slowing down the next season either. Switzer's team finished 11–0 and won the national championship. This was the Sooners' first undefeated season and national championship since 1956. That team was another high scoring team averaging 43 points per game<ref name="PointsStats"/> and was anchored by [[Steve Davis (quarterback)|Steve Davis]] at quarterback, [[Joe Washington]] at running back and the [[Lee Roy Selmon|Selmon]] brothers ([[Lee Roy Selmon|Lee Roy]], Lucious, and Dewey) on defense. |
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North American Ballads. Kathleen Supové, piano (CRI: 653, 1993) |
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Switzer's teams in the 1970s went a combined 73–7–2 in seven years.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/seasons/index.cfm?decade=1970 | title=Football Seasons - 1970s | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-08-07 }}</ref> In [[1978 in sports|1978]], Oklahoma would get its third Heisman Trophy winner in running back [[Billy Sims]]. That year, he set the Oklahoma record for most rushing yards in a season with 1,896, a record that would stand for 26 years. He currently stands at number three in yards per attempt that year with 7.41, behind fellow Sooners Greg Pruitt and [[Marcus Dupree]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/recordbook/player/rush_season.cfm | title=Season Rushing Records | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-08-07 }}</ref> Sims also hold the record at Oklahoma for most rushing yards in a career with 4,118.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/recordbook/player/rush_career.cfm | title=Career Rushing Records | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-08-07 }}</ref> He finished second in the Heisman race the following year, [[1979 in sports|1979]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.heisman.com/handbook/winning-margin.html | title=The Winning Margin: Year By Year | publisher=Heisman.com | accessdate=2006-08-08 }}</ref> |
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Coming Together; Attica. Group 180 (Hungaroton: 12545, 1993) |
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The early 1980s saw the Sooners begin to slip under Switzer. They lost four games in [[1981 in sports|1981]], [[1982 in sports|1982]], and [[1983 in sports|1983]]. It was the first time they lost four games in a season since 1970 under Coach Fairbanks. However, eight of those twelve losses came to the likes of [[USC Trojans football|USC]], [[Texas Longhorns football|Texas]], [[Nebraska Cornhuskers football|Nebraska]] and [[Ohio State Buckeyes football|Ohio State]]. They began to turn around in [[1984 in sports|1984]] when they went 9–2–1 and were ranked number six at the end of the season. The 1984 team featured [[Buster Rhymes]] at [[wide receiver]], [[Spencer Tillman]] at running back and [[Tony Casillas]]. Over the next three years, the team continued to grow and went 11–1 each of those three years (with all three losses coming to [[Miami Hurricanes football|Miami]]), including a national championship in [[1985 in sports|1985]] (they finished ranked number three in [[1986 in sports|1986]] and [[1987 in sports|1987]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/seasons/index.cfm?decade=1980 | title=Football Seasons - 1980s | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-08-07 }}</ref> Many great Sooner athletes came through the program during these years, including two-time [[Butkus Award]] winner [[Brian Bosworth]], [[tight end]] [[Keith Jackson (football player)|Keith Jackson]] and quarterback [[Jamelle Holieway]]. While Switzer was not able to match Wilkinson's unimaginable string of 13 consecutive conference championships, he was able to rack up 12 of his own during his career at Oklahoma. |
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36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!'. Stephen Drury, piano (New Albion: 63, 1994) |
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In [[1988 in sports|1988]], it all came crashing down for Switzer. His team was placed on probation by the NCAA for violating several rules. In a six month time frame, there was a shooting and a rape in the athletic dorm on Oklahoma's campus, Switzer's house was robbed with the help of one of his athletes, and an athlete was caught attempting to sell drugs to an undercover agent.<ref>{{cite book | title=Bootlegger's Boy | last=Switzer | first=Barry | authorlink=Barry Switzer | coauthors=Bud Shrake | month=August | year=1990 | publisher=William Morrow & Co | id=ISBN 0-688-09384-1 }}</ref> The three year probation included a two-year ban on [[TV]] and bowl appearances and a reduction in [[scholarship]]s from 25 to 18.<ref name="Dorsey">{{cite news | title=Wanting your children to grow up to be … Sooners | first=Stan | last=Dorsey | date=August 19, 1996 | publisher=The Sporting News | url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_n34_v220/ai_18596119 | accessdate=2006-08-07 }}</ref> |
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Spots; Wails; The Lost Melody; Crusoe. Zeitgeist (OOdiscs: 15, 1995) |
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Succeeding Switzer was his defensive coordinator [[Gary Gibbs]]. Gibbs went 44–23–2 in six years, and largely succeeded in cleaning up the program's image. He found it hard to please boosters and administrators with an 8-3 year. Ultimately, it was his record against Oklahoma's rivals that did him in. Gibbs went 2-15-1 against Texas, Nebraska and Colorado. In addition to his record, many feel Gibbs was not comfortable around alumni, the media, or with being a head coach in general.<ref name="Dorsey"/> |
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De Profundis; Four Pieces (excerpt); Sonata; Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues. Anthony de Mare, piano (OOdiscs: 16, 1995) |
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To replace Gibbs, Oklahoma looked towards the seasoned [[Howard Schnellenberger]], then 61 years old. Schnellenberger had won a national championship at [[University of Miami|Miami]] and turned around a once-moribund [[University of Louisville|Louisville]] program. In the end, he was almost too sure of himself. He was quoted as saying, "They will write books and make movies about my time here."<ref name="Dorsey"/> Ultimately, his [[1995 in sports|1995]] team went 5–5–1 and he was done. Many feel he was doomed from the beginning because of his lack of interest in the history of Oklahoma football; neither its coaches or its players, a fact he was not shy about. He ordered numerous old files to be thrown out, instead, they were archived without his knowledge.<ref name="Dorsey"/> |
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[[Image:OklahomaSooners-EnterField-20070915.jpg|thumb|The Sooners enter the field to take on their opponent on [[2007-09-15]].]] |
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For the 1996 season, Oklahoma hired former player [[John Blake]]. Blake was the favorite to succeed Schnellenberger and was backed by Barry Switzer, Steve Owens, and former Oklahoma president [[George Lynn Cross]].<ref name="Dorsey"/> However, many were skeptical of Oklahoma's choice for the new coach. He coaching experience was very limited, especially compared to his predecessor. Blake was an assistant coach for three years in the NFL, a wide receivers coach for one year at [[University of Tulsa|Tulsa]], and a defensive assistant at Oklahoma for four years. The skeptics were proven right. In Blake's first season, he went 3–8. It was the worst record, percentage wise, Oklahoma had experienced since 1895 and is tied for the most losses in one year (along with Blake's 1997 squad) to this very day. In his three years at Oklahoma, Blake went 3–8, 4–8, and 5–6. It was the first time since 1922-1924 that Oklahoma had three consecutive losing seasons. Blake's largest contribution to the team was his recruiting. He set the stage by recruiting several players that would excel under the next coach, including [[J.T. Thatcher]], [[Josh Norman]], [[Roy Williams (safety)|Roy Williams]] and [[Rocky Calmus]]. |
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Moonrise with Memories. David Taylor, bass trombone; Louise Schulman/ensemble (New World: 80494, 1996) |
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=== Stoops era (1999-present) === |
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[[Image:OU PregameHuddle.jpg|thumb|Players before the OU-Texas game in 2003. NFL players [[Dan Cody]] and [[Tommie Harris]] are easily visible in this photo.]] |
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The university looked at many candidates to replace Blake. Many big-time college coaches were considered for the post. However, Oklahoma athletic director Joe Castiglione decided to hire a 38 year old defensive coordinator from [[University of Florida|Florida]], [[Bob Stoops]]. Mr. Stoops was a former [[defensive back]] at [[University of Iowa|Iowa]] under coach [[Hayden Fry]] and was his team captain and [[MVP]]. Coach Stoops quickly began to build his new program with the promise to help the program regain it's former position as a perinnial college football powerhouse. On his arrival to campus he would find that for all his predecessor's failings as a head football coach, John Blake had been an excellent recruiter and many of his players were potential stars. Despite the obvious talent already on-campus, no quarterback suitable for the "spread" offense was on the team roster. Stoops would remedy this by signing a little-known junior college quarterback, [[Josh Heupel]], to run his offense. In his first year as head coach, the Sooners showed marked improvement; starting the season with three wins over non-conference opponents amassing 132 points to their opponents' 31. They lost the next two games, which included a 34-30 loss against Notre Dame at [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] and finished the season with an overall record of 7 wins and 5 losses. This success was a breath of fresh air for a program that had fallen from perennial powerhouse to league doormat and those surrounding the Sooner football program expected great things from their new head coach. They would not be disappointed. |
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To the Earth. Evelyn Glennie, voice, percussion (BMG: 68195, 1996) |
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In 2000, the Sooners opened the season ranked number 19,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/seasons/schedule.cfm?SeasonID=2000 | title=2000 Football Season | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-08-07 }} </ref> the first time they opened the season ranked in five years. The Sooners opened 4–0, dominating their early season opponents by a combined score of 176–51. The annual Red River Shootout against arch-rival the University of Texas would prove to be the first signature victory of the Bob Stoops era. The Sooners dominated the Longhorns by a score of 63-14 in what was then the most lopsided upset in the history of the rivalry. Oklahoma running back [[Quentin Griffin]] smashed the Oklahoma record for most touchdowns in a game with six scores. The Sooners were now officially back in the hunt for a national title. In the following weeks the team narrowly beat the number two ranked [[Kansas State University|Kansas State]] 41–31 in Manhattan and the following week went on to beat the number one ranked Nebraska Cornhuskers 31–14. [[ESPN]]'s [[Brent Musburger]] said that, "The Sooners' October run of burying Texas, Kansas State and Nebraska is one of the greatest 30-day stretches in college football history."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://espn.go.com/abcsports/bcs/columns/musburger_brent/2000/1212/940169.html | title=A remarkable season | publisher=BCSFootball.com | accessdate=2006-08-07 }}</ref> The Sooners narrowly escaped a loss at the hands of [[Texas A&M University|Texas A&M]] in College Station but they pulled out a victory, winning 35–31 on an interception return for a touchdown by linebacker Torrence Marshall. The team defeated the Kansas State Wildcats for the second time that season in the Big 12 Championship, a victory which propelled the program to its first national title berth since 1985. The Sooners finished the season with a stunning win over a heavily favored [[Florida State]] team in the [[BCS National Championship Game]] and claimed the [[AFCA National Championship Trophy|Sears Trophy]]. At the end of the season, quarterback Josh Heupel had the top two spots on the list of Oklahoma's season passing records. The championship was the Sooner's 7th national title and their first since Barry Switzer's departure. The team had finally regained it's status as a power in the college football world. The stoic coach from Iowa had resurrected a football giant, bringing the once great program back to the pinnacle of college athletics. The Sooners and their fans were hungry for more success and Coach Stoops would deliver. |
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Jefferson; Antigone-Legend. Carol Plantamura, soprano; Frederic Rzewski, piano (CRI: 747, 1997) |
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[[Image:Sugar Bowl Game 2004 from Flickr 29799042.jpg|thumb|right|2004 Sugar Bowl, Louisiana State vs. Oklahoma; January 4, 2004]] |
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Night Crossing with Fisherman; Ludes; Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues (version for 2 pianos). Ursula Oppens, Frederic Rzewski, pianos (Music and Arts: 988, 1997) |
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The team's success continued in the 2003 and 2004 seasons. The 2003 team was the highest scoring squad in Oklahoma's storied history, scoring 601 points to their opponents 214. The season included seven games of 50 points or more with the highlights including a 77–0 drubbing of Texas A&M and a 65–13 defeat of Texas. The team, led by Heisman Trophy winner Jason White, was billed as one of "the greatest college football teams of all time." This assumption was short-lived as the Sooners were upset in the [[Big 12 Championship Game]] by [[Kansas State University|Kansas State]]. Due to their impressive strength of schedule, the Sooners were able to retain their position in the polls and their chance for the title. In a warm night in New Orleans, the Sooners were handed their second consecutive defeat and their first title loss; this time to an impressive LSU Tigers squad by a score of 21-14. The heartbreaking defeats shocked the Sooner nation while conversly establishing the team as a perennial title contender. |
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Turns (The Road, Part 1); Tracks (The Road, Part 2); Whangdoodles; To the Earth. Frederic Rzewski, piano; Abel-Steinberg-Winant Trio (Music and Arts: 1000, 1997) |
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In 2005, Stoops finished the season with an 8-4 record, his worst season record since his inaugural season. Jason White's backup, [[Paul Thompson (football)|Paul Thompson]], was named starting quarterback at the beginning of the season, but was replaced by redshirt freshman [[Rhett Bomar]] after a season-opening loss to [[Texas Christian University|TCU]]. Paul Thompson was moved to the wide receiver slot for the rest of the season. They started the season 2–3 with additional losses against UCLA (at UCLA) and against eventual national champion Texas. The team started to improve as the season progressed, especially the young Bomar. The next loss came against [[Texas Tech Red Raiders football|Texas Tech]] and was a controversial loss. Texas Tech's [[Taurean Henderson]] scored on the final play of the game when he was tackled before he reached the end zone but the refs ruled that he was able to stretch the ball over the goal line before being officially down. The play was reviewed by replay officials, but video replays were deemed inconclusive.<ref>{{cite web | title=Tech scores on 2-yard TD as time expires, avoids upset | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=253232641 | publisher=ESPN.com | date=November 19, 2005 | accessdate=2006-12-04 }} </ref> The touchdown gave the Red Raiders the win, 23-21. It was a setback for the Sooners but they moved on and were able to soundly defeat their instate rival Oklahoma State in Norman by a final score of 42–14. The Sooners finished third in the Big 12 behind the [[2005 Texas Longhorn football team|2005 Texas Longhorns]] (who went on to win the 2005 BCS National Championship) and the Texas Tech Red Raiders (Oklahoma and Texas Tech both had conference records of 6–2, but Texas Tech won the heads up match and thus is placed over Oklahoma). The unranked Sooners would represent the Big 12 in the [[Holiday Bowl]] and they would play the sixth-ranked [[Oregon Ducks]]. Oklahoma went on to beat the Ducks, 17–14; Bomar was named the Bowl MVP and the Sooners finished the season ranked #22.<ref name="APNote" /> On July 11, 2007, the NCAA announced that the Sooners would have to vacate all victories from the 2005 season, including the bowl game, due to NCAA violations related to three former players, including Bomar, thereby giving the Sooners an official 2005 record of 0–4.<ref>{{cite web | title=OU must vacate '05 victories. However, Oklahoma will still recognize those eight victories including the Holiday Bowl victory. Bob Stoops' record still stands at 86–18. | url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/071207dnspooulede.c8ab5b.html | publisher=The [[Dallas Morning News]] | date=July 11, 2007 | accessdate=2007-07-11}}</ref> However, on February 22, 2008, the NCAA reversed the decision and reinstated the vacated wins. <ref> {{cite news | title= NCAA gives OU back its wins for 2005 season | publisher=The Oklahoman | date= February 22, 2008 | accessdate=2008-02-22 | url=http://newsok.com/article/3207494/1203698887| }}</ref> |
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Scratch Symphony. Michael Gielen/SWF-Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg (Col Legno: WWE 3CD 20026, 1999) |
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2006 was a very tumultuous year for the Sooners. One day before fall practice began, returning quarterback Rhett Bomar and J.D. Quinn, a projected starter on the offensive line, were kicked off the team for violating NCAA rules when they received payment for work they did not do. Paul Thompson, who had played wide receiver in 2005 and had not practiced in the quarterback role for nearly a year, was asked to move back to quarterback which he did. In mid-September, Oklahoma played the University of Oregon for the third time in three years. The Sooners lost this game 33–34. During the [[2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team#University of Oregon|game]] a controversy arose when game officials awarded an onside kick to the Ducks when it should have been Oklahoma's ball.<ref name="suspend">{{cite web | title=Pac-10 suspends officials for errors that cost Oklahoma | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2593564 | publisher=ESPN.com | accessdate=2006-12-04 | date=September 19, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Suspension, apology leaves Stoops unsatisfied | url=http://www.newsok.com/article/2849797/?template=sports/ou | publisher=NewsOK.com | accessdate=2006-12-04 | date=September 19, 2006 }}</ref> Following the game, all officials were suspended for one game but replay official [[Gordon Riese]] said he would take the year off;<ref name="suspend" /> later in the year, he would quit completely.<ref>{{cite web | title=Gordon Riese's replay revelation | url=http://www.newsok.com/article/keyword/2975982/ | first=George | last=Schroeder | publisher=NewsOK.com | accessdate=2006-12-04 | date=November 23, 2006 }}</ref> Gordon Riese later acknowledged that he knew Oklahoma recovered the onside kick but replay rules prevented him from correcting the on-field officials.<ref>{{cite web | title=Replay official also knew OU recovered kick | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15867102/ | publisher=MSNBC.com | accessdate=2006-12-04 | date=November 23, 2006 }}</ref> A few weeks later, Oklahoma lost to rival Texas. Following these setbacks, the team regrouped and the defense vastly improved. Following the Oregon game, the defense was ranked 97th nationally<ref>{{cite web | title=Football: Sooners' defense regains its swagger | url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/sports/stories/MYSA120106.01D.FBCou.defense.2a84a90.html | publisher=San Antonio Express-News | first=Tim | last=Griffin | date=November 30, 2006 | accessdate=2006-12-04 }}</ref> but by the end of the regular season, they were ranked 17th.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ranking Summary | url=http://web1.ncaa.org/d1mfb/2006/Internet/ranking_summary/2006000000522.HTML | publisher=NCAA | accessdate=2006-12-04}}</ref> Following the Texas game, Oklahoma played Iowa State and soundly defeated them 34–9. However, on the final touchdown drive for the Sooners, star running back [[Adrian L. Peterson|Adrian Peterson]] suffered a broken [[Clavicle|collar bone]] when he was tripped up while sprinting into the end zone.<ref name="APcollar">{{cite news | title=Oklahoma's Peterson returns to practice | publisher=Associated Press | date=[[2006-12-08]] | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2691671 | accessdate=2007-10-12}}</ref> The Sooners would turn to two untested running back to replace the Heisman-hopeful Peterson, [[Allen Patrick]], a junior, and Chris Brown, a freshman. The Sooners did not miss a step. The team went on a seven game winning streak to finish Big 12 conference play 11–2. This streak included road wins over a couple ranked opponents including Texas A&M and Missouri. The defending national champions Texas Longhorns were favored to win the Big 12 but they suffered two losses to finish their regular season which sent Oklahoma to the Big 12 Championship game against a former rival, the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The Sooners defeated the 19th ranked Cornhuskers 21–7 to win the Big 12 title for the fourth time under Bob Stoops, automatically sending them to the [[2007 Fiesta Bowl|Fiesta Bowl]]. The Sooners lost in overtime, on a two point conversion play by a score of 43–42 to Boise State in the Fiesta Bowl. |
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36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!'; North American Ballads (excerpts). Marc-André Hamelin, piano (Hyperion: 67077, 1999) |
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[[Image:OklahomaSooners-CincinnatiBearcats-Broyles-Underwood-Reception.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ryan Broyles]] of the 2008 squad goes up to catch a pass from quarterback [[Sam Bradford]].]] |
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The 2007 Oklahoma team opened up with a home game against the University of North Texas and soundly beat them 79–10. The 79 points scored by OU was the most in the country for Week 1. In Week 2 the Sooners played a much tougher opponent in the University of Miami. However, the results seemed to show a mismatch, as OU easily defeated the Hurricanes 51–13. In Week 3 the Sooners got the best of Utah State with a 54–3 thrashing. Week 4 matched OU up with an in–state foe, the Tulsa Golden Hurricanes. Just as it has been all season (expect for the Sept. 29 loss at unranked Colorado), the Sooners put up another dominant performance with a 62–21 victory. In Week 5 (September 29, 2007), the #4 Sooners saw their National Championship hopes take a hit as they lost to 2-2 unranked Colorado in Boulder 27-24 after leading in the second half by a score of 24-7. The Sooners only had 234 net yards compared to Colorado's 379 net yards. The 2007 match-up between Oklahoma and Texas on Oct. 2007 was predicted to be the #3 game to watch in 2007 by SI.com's "Top 20 Games To Watch In 2007" list. The University of Oklahoma football team proved itself worthy of the top ten rankings when it defeated Texas 28-21 at the Red River Rivalry. Their post season chances are more stable now that they have beat Texas, which usually decides the Big 12 South. The winner of the Big 12 Championship is given an automatic bid for a BCS bowl game. The Texas Longhorns played up to their potential when they answered almost every point during the October 6 game. In the end Colt McCoy along with Jermichael Finley and the Longhorns could not withstand the adamant pressing of Sam Bradford, Demarco Murray and the Sooners. <ref>{{cite web | title = Top 20 Games To Watch In 2007 | work = SI.com | url = http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multimedia/photo_gallery/0708/top.cfb.games.watch/content.18.html | accessdate = 30 September | accessyear = 2007 }}</ref> |
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Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues. Emanuele Arciuli, piano (Stradivarius: STR 33555, 2000) |
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The football program remains the primary breadwinner for the Oklahoma athletic program. It accounts for 70% of the Athletic Department's income but just 30% of its expenses.<ref>{{cite news | title=Those television dollars: selling point or selling out? | publisher=Sooner Magazine | first=Carol | last=Burr | date=Summer 2006 }}</ref> |
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Turns (The Road, Part 1) (excerpt). Marcel Worms, piano (NM Classics: 98014, 2000) |
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== Record book == |
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*Oklahoma is first all time for the most weeks ranked #1 in the AP Poll with 97 weeks |
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*Oklahoma is first all time at weeks ranked in the top 5 with 342 weeks. (Nebraska is 2nd with 294) |
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*Oklahoma is 2nd most all time with seven AP national titles, behind only Notre Dame which has eight |
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*In the "modern era", which is post WWII, Oklahoma has the most wins with 535, and the highest winning percentage with .761 in the country |
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*Oklahoma had a record 768 rushing yards as a team in 1988 against Kansas State |
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*Antonio Perkins has an NCAA record for most punt return touchdowns in a game with 3 and tied for most in a career with seven. His single game NCAA record for 3 punt returns for touchdowns came at home against UCLA in 2003. |
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*Adrian Peterson holds the single-season NCAA freshman rushing record with 1,925 yards which he earned in 2004. Adrian also finished 2nd in Heisman Trophy voting that year, the best finish by a freshman in NCAA history. |
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*Mark Clayton is Oklahoma's most decorated wide receiver who holds several school records including: 221 career receptions, 3,241 career receiving yards, and 31 career touchdowns. |
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*Most weeks ranked #1 in the BCS with 18 weeks |
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*Most weeks ranked in top 5 in the BCS with 38 |
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*Oklahoma also has the most points scored in the history of NCAA football with 29,772 through 2007 (Michigan is 2nd with 29,347) |
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*Oklahoma has the most rushing yards in a season with 5,635 in 1971, which is 470 yards per game (12 games) |
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Source: <ref>{{cite web | title=Record Book| url=http://soonerstats.com/football/coaches/ou/index.cfm | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</ref> |
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Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues. James Lent, piano (The Orchard: 8575, 2001) |
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==Coaching history== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
!Name |
|||
!Seasons |
|||
!All |
|||
!Win% |
|||
!PF–PA |
|||
!NCs |
|||
!Conf |
|||
!Win% |
|||
!PF–PA |
|||
!CCs |
|||
!Bowls |
|||
!Top 25 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Bob Stoops* |
|||
| 1999-present |
|||
| 102–22 |
|||
| 82.07% |
|||
| 36–17 |
|||
| 1 |
|||
| 58–11 |
|||
| 84.38% |
|||
| 35–17 |
|||
| 5 |
|||
| 4–4 |
|||
| 27–10 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| John Blake |
|||
| 1996-1998 |
|||
| 12–22 |
|||
| 35.3% |
|||
| 20–30 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 8–16 |
|||
| 33.3% |
|||
| 19–32 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 1–9 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Howard Schnellenberger |
|||
| 1995 |
|||
| 5–5–1 |
|||
| 50% |
|||
| 22–25 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 2–5 |
|||
| 28.6% |
|||
| 14–30 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–4–1 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Gary Gibbs |
|||
| 1989-1994 |
|||
| 44–23–2 |
|||
| 65.2% |
|||
| 30–18 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 26–14–2 |
|||
| 64.3% |
|||
| 28–19 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 2–1 |
|||
| 5–16–1 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Barry Switzer |
|||
| 1973-1988 |
|||
| 157–29–4 |
|||
| 83.7% |
|||
| 33–14 |
|||
| 3 |
|||
| 100–11–1 |
|||
| 89.7% |
|||
| 35–15 |
|||
| 12 |
|||
| 8–5 |
|||
| 43–21–4 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Chuck Fairbanks |
|||
| 1967-1972 |
|||
| 52–15–1 |
|||
| 77.2% |
|||
| 32–17 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 34–8 |
|||
| 81.0% |
|||
| 33–18 |
|||
| 3 |
|||
| 3–1–1 |
|||
| 15–10 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Jim Mackenzie |
|||
| 1966 |
|||
| 6–4 |
|||
| 60.0% |
|||
| 20–13 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 4–3 |
|||
| 57.1% |
|||
| 23–11 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 1–1 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Gomer Jones |
|||
| 1964-1965 |
|||
| 9–11–1 |
|||
| 45.2% |
|||
| 15–16 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 8–5–1 |
|||
| 60.7% |
|||
| 18–13 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 0–1 |
|||
| 1–4 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Bud Wilkinson |
|||
| 1947-1963 |
|||
| 145–29–4 |
|||
| 82.6% |
|||
| 29–11 |
|||
| 3 |
|||
| 93–9–3 |
|||
| 90% |
|||
| 33–9 |
|||
| 14 |
|||
| 6–2 |
|||
| 28–28–1 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Jim Tatum |
|||
| 1946 |
|||
| 8–3 |
|||
| 72.7% |
|||
| 29–11 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 4–1 |
|||
| 80.0% |
|||
| 32–7 |
|||
| 1 |
|||
| 1–0 |
|||
| 1–1 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Dewey Luster |
|||
| 1941-1945 |
|||
| 27–18–3 |
|||
| 59.4% |
|||
| 20–12 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 19–4–2 |
|||
| 80.0% |
|||
| 26–8 |
|||
| 2 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 1–4 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Tom Stidham |
|||
| 1937-1940 |
|||
| 27–8–3 |
|||
| 79.2% |
|||
| 17–7 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 15–4–1 |
|||
| 77.5% |
|||
| 15–4 |
|||
| 1 |
|||
| 0–1 |
|||
| 0–4 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Lawrence Jones |
|||
| 1935-1936 |
|||
| 9–6–3 |
|||
| 58.3% |
|||
| 11–6 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 4–4–2 |
|||
| 50.0% |
|||
| 8–8 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–1 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Lewie Hardage |
|||
| 1932-1934 |
|||
| 11–12–4 |
|||
| 48.2% |
|||
| 9–8 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 8–6–1 |
|||
| 56.7% |
|||
| 13–8 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Adrian Lindsey |
|||
| 1927-1931 |
|||
| 19–19–6 |
|||
| 50.0% |
|||
| 12–10 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 11–12–2 |
|||
| 48.0% |
|||
| 8–9 |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Bennie Owen |
|||
| 1905-1926 |
|||
| 122–54–16 |
|||
| 67.7% |
|||
| 27–8 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 28–20–7 |
|||
| 57.3% |
|||
| 20–11 |
|||
| 2 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Fred Ewing |
|||
| 1904 |
|||
| 4–3–1 |
|||
| 56.3% |
|||
| 26–12 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0.0% |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Mark McMahon |
|||
| 1902-1903 |
|||
| 11–7–3 |
|||
| 59.5% |
|||
| 15–7 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0.0% |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Fred Roberts |
|||
| 1901 |
|||
| 3–2 |
|||
| 60.0% |
|||
| 19–6 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0.0% |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| Vernon Parrington |
|||
| 1897-1900 |
|||
| 9–2–1 |
|||
| 79.2% |
|||
| 21–6 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0.0% |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| No Coach |
|||
| 1896 |
|||
| 2–0 |
|||
| 100% |
|||
| 14–2 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0.0% |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| John A. Harts |
|||
| 1895 |
|||
| 0–1 |
|||
| 0.0% |
|||
| 0–34 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0.0% |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| NA |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
| 0–0 |
|||
|} |
|||
<small>Source: {{cite web | title=Football Coaches | url=http://soonerstats.com/football/coaches/ou/index.cfm | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</small> |
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Down by the Riverside. Lara Downes, piano (Postcards: 2002, 2001) |
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* Stoops' career records were subject of a pending appeal by the University of Oklahoma regarding a July 11, 2007 decision by the NCAA Committee on Infractions concerning eligibility violations by ex-players Rhett Bomar and J.D. Quinn. Among other things, this decision stipulates that the Sooners' eight wins in the 2005 football season should be vacated.<ref>{{cite news | title=OU to Appeal NCAA Decision | publisher=OU Athletic Department| date=July 11, 2007 | accessdate=2007-07-11 | url=http://soonersports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/071107aaa.html| }}</ref>. On February 22, 2008, the NCAA reversed the decision and reinstated the vacated wins. <ref> {{cite news | title= NCAA gives OU back its wins for 2005 season | publisher=The Oklahoman | date= February 22, 2008 | accessdate=2008-02-22 | url=http://newsok.com/article/3207494/1203698887| }}</ref> |
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Coming Together. Frederic Rzewski, speaker; Talujon Percussion Quartet (Capstone: 8681/88, 2001) |
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==Championships== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:92%;" align="right" |
|||
| colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; border-top:1px solid white; border-right:1px solid white; border-left:1px solid white; text-align:center;" | Championships |
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|- |
|||
! Conference !! Year !! Coach |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| rowspan=5 | [[Big 12]] |
|||
| 2007|| [[Bob Stoops]] |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 2006 || Bob Stoops |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 2004 || Bob Stoops |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 2002 || Bob Stoops |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| bgcolor=#eeeeee | '''2000''' || Bob Stoops |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| rowspan=18 | [[Big Eight Conference|Big 8]] |
|||
| 1987 || [[Barry Switzer]] |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1986 || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| bgcolor=#eeeeee | '''1985''' || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1984 || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1980 || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1979 || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1978 || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1977 || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1976 || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| bgcolor=#eeeeee | '''1975''' || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| bgcolor=#eeeeee | '''1974''' || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1973 || Barry Switzer |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1972 || [[Chuck Fairbanks]] |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1968 || Chuck Fairbanks |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1967 || Chuck Fairbanks |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1962 || [[Bud Wilkinson]] |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1959 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1958 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| rowspan=10 | [[Big Seven Conference|Big 7]] |
|||
| 1957 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| bgcolor=#eeeeee | '''1956''' || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| bgcolor=#eeeeee | '''1955''' || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1954 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1953 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1952 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1951 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| bgcolor=#eeeeee | '''1950''' || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1949 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1948 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| rowspan=5 | [[Big Six Conference|Big 6]] |
|||
| 1947 || Bud Wilkinson |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1946 || [[Jim Tatum]] |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1944 || [[Dewey Luster]] |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1943 || Dewey Luster |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1938 || [[Tom Stidham]] |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| rowspan=1 | [[Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association|MIAA]] |
|||
| 1920 || [[Bennie Owen]] |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| rowspan=2 | [[Southwest Athletic Conference|Southwest]] |
|||
| 1918 || Bennie Owen |
|||
|- align="center" |
|||
| 1915 || Bennie Owen |
|||
|- bgcolor=#eeeeee |
|||
| colspan=3| <font style="font-size:75%;">'''bold face''' indicates National Championship</font> |
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|} |
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The Oklahoma Sooners have been a dominant program in every conference they have participated in, from the [[Southwest Athletic Conference|Southwest Conference]] to the [[Big 12 Conference]]. Below is a list of all 41 conference titles, including 14 in a row between 1946-59, and the seven national championships: 1950, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1975, 1985, 2000. In addition to these seven acknowledged national championships there are also nine additional years in which the NCAA's official record book recognizes the Sooners as national champions: 1949, 1953, 1957, 1967, 1973, 1978, 1980, 1986, 2003.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ncaa.org/champadmin/ia_football_past_champs.html | title=Past Division I-A Football National Champions | publisher=NCAA | accessdate=2006-12-09 }}</ref> However, unlike several other historically successful college football programs, the [[University of Oklahoma]] and the Oklahoma fanbase, rarely, if ever, acknowledge these additional "championships", as they were not awarded by either the [[Associated Press]], [[United Press International]] (UPI), [[USA Today Coaches Poll]], or the [[Bowl Championship Series]] (BCS).{{fact|date=October 2008}} |
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36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never be Defeated!'; Turns (The Road, Part 1); Tracks (The Road, Part 2); Tramps (The Road, Part 3); Stops (The Road, Part 4); Fantasia; Sonata; Mayn Yingele; Fougues; A Life; North American Ballads; The Housewife's Lament; De Profundis. Frederic Rzewski, piano, harpsichord (Nonesuch: 79623, 2002) |
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On July 15, 2007 Berry Tramel of [[The Oklahoman]] (celebrating 100 years of [[Oklahoma]] statehood) named the 2000 Oklahoma national title victory against the [[Florida State Seminoles]] as the greatest sports event in state history.<ref>{{cite web | title=The 2001 defensive beatdown of Florida State by Oklahoma stands above all the rest | url=http://newsok.com/article/3082952 | publisher=NewsOK.com | date=[[2007-07-15]] | accessdate=2007-07-17 }}</ref> |
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{{-}} |
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North American Ballads. Lisa Moore, piano (Cantaloupe Music, 2003) |
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==Stadium== |
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[[Image:OMSFront.jpg|thumb|Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium]] |
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The Sooners play their home games at [[Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium]]. The stadium was formerly called Oklahoma Memorial Stadium but the administration decided to add 'Gaylord Family' to recognize the contributions made by [[Edward K. Gaylord]] and his family over the years (estimated at over [[US$]]50 million).<ref>{{cite web | title=OU Regents OK Stadium Name Change | url=http://hub.ou.edu/articles/article.php?article_id=1460658802 | first=Justin Noel | last=Shimko | date=[[2002-09-22]] | accessdate=2007-01-08 | publisher=OU Daily }}</ref> The playing surface is called Owen Field after Bennie Owen, Oklahoma's coach from 1905 to 1926. The stadium was built in 1923 with an original capacity of 500.<ref name="SS_OMS">{{cite web | title=Oklahoma Memorial Stadium History | url=http://www.soonerstats.com/football/stadium/index.cfm | publisher=SoonerStats.com | accessdate=2007-01-08 }}</ref> In 1925, 16,000 seats were added and 16,000 more seats were added in 1929 bringing the total capacity to 32,000. The stadium has had a natural [[grass]] playing surface for most of its existence. The only time it had an [[artificial turf]] was from 1970 to 1994.<ref name="SS_OMS" /> The stadium had a major renovation in 2003 when a new upper deck was added to the east side of the stadium, adding over 8,400 new seats. The current capacity is 82,112 which makes it the 14th largest college stadium in the U.S. and second largest in the Big 12 Conference.<ref name="SS_OMS" /> Despite the official capacity, the Sooners average 84,561 in attendance for the 2006 season, nearly 2,500 over capacity.<ref name="steele">{{cite journal |last=Steele |first=Phil |year=2007 |title=Oklahoma Sooners |journal=Phil Steele's 2007 College Football Preview |volume=13 |pages=82–83 }}</ref> |
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North American Ballads. David Jalbert, piano (Endeavour: END 1001, 2004) |
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==Pageantry== |
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===School colors=== |
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{| align="right" style="border:1px solid #666;padding:2px;" |
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|- |
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| style="background:#990000;width:50px;height:50px;padding:2px;border:1px solid #aaa;" | |
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| style="background:#FFFFCC;width:50px;height:50px;padding:2px;border:1px solid #aaa;" | |
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|- style="line-height:90%;" |
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| align="center" | Crimson |
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| align="center" | Cream |
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|} |
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Oklahoma's official school colors are crimson and cream.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.soonersports.com/trads/crimson-creme.html# | title=Oklahoma Traditions: Crimson & Cream | work=SoonerSports.com| publisher=[[University of Oklahoma]] | accessdate=2007-08-21 }}</ref> These colors were picked in 1895 by May Overstreet, the only female faculty member at the time. The colors were her own personal choice and she decided on them after viewing many color samples and materials.<ref>{{cite book | series = Sooner Yearbook | year=1916 | title=The Origin of the University Yell and Colors | pages=326 }}</ref> After her decision, the colors were brought in front of the student body who enthusiastically approved of her selections. In recent years, red and white have sometimes replaced crimson and cream. |
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Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues (version for 2 pianos). Quattro Mani (Klavier: 11106) |
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===Mascots=== |
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Oklahoma has had several mascots. The first was a [[Boston terrier]] named ''Mex''. Mex was a stray dog found in Mexico during the [[Mexican Revolution]] by Mott Keys, an [[army]] hospital [[medic]].<ref name="OUFBEnc">{{cite book | last=Dozier | first=Ray | title=The Oklahoma Football Encyclopedia | year=2006 | publisher=Sports Publishing, LLC | location=Champaign, IL | isbn=1-58261-699-X }}</ref> Keys' [[Company (military unit)|company]] adopted the dog and Keys took the dog back to [[Hollis, Oklahoma]] when he completed his duty. When Keys was enrolled in the University, he took Mex with him to Norman. With his experience as an army medic, Keys landed a job with the football team and a residence at the [[Kappa Sigma]] [[Fraternities and sororities|fraternity]] house.<ref name="OUFBEnc" /> Mex's main duty during games was to keep stray dogs from roaming the field. He wore a red sweater with a big "O" letter on the side. Mex received national attention in October 1924 when the Oklahoma football team lost a game against [[Drake University]]. Mex was lost when the team boarded a train in [[Arkansas City, Kansas]]. The media blamed the loss on the field on the loss of their mascot.<ref name="SS_SS&M">{{cite web | title=Sooner Schooner & Mascots | work=SoonerSports.com |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma]]| url=http://www.soonersports.com/trads/schooner-mascots.html | accessdate=2007-08-21 }}</ref> Mex was found later by two Oklahoma graduates. Mex died of old age on April 30, 1928. The campus was closed and classes were canceled on the day of his funeral. He was buried in a casket somewhere under the stadium.<ref name="OUFBEnc" /> |
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36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!'. Yuji Takahashi, piano (ALM Records: ALCD 19) |
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[[Image:SoonerSchooner.jpg|thumb|The Sooner Schooner on the field during a football game.]] |
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Never an official mascot, ''Little Red'' began appearing at games in 1953. He was an [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indian]] who wore red tights, [[Loincloth|breech cloth]] and a war bonnet and was portrayed by Randy Palmer.<ref name="OUFBEnc" /> In April 1970, Little Red was banished by Oklahoma president J. Herbet Hollomon. The student court issued a temporary restraining order to keep Little Red from appearing at Sooner games.<ref name="OUFBEnc" /> Despite this order, Palmer showed up as Little Red for the 1970 season opener where he was met with cheers from the crowd. When Palmer was [[Draft (sports)|draft]]ed after the 1971 season, no one showed up for try-outs to replace him.<ref name="OUFBEnc" /> |
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Mayn Yingele. Ursula Oppens, piano (Music and Arts: 4862) |
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The current mascot for Oklahoma is the ''[[Sooner Schooner]]'', a [[conestoga wagon]] similar to the primary method of transportation used by early settlers in Oklahoma.<ref name="SS_SS&M"/> The Schooner is driven by two white [[pony|ponies]] named [[Boomer and Sooner (mascots)|Boomer and Sooner]]. In 2005, the university also introduced two costumed mascots also named Boomer and Sooner to serve as mascots for football games and events that do not permit a covered wagon.<ref name="SS_SS&M"/> |
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36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never be Defeated!'. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Hat Hut: ART 6066) |
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==Awards== |
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===Heisman Trophy=== |
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[[Image:Rashaan Salaam-Heisman whitebg.JPG|thumb|The Heisman Trophy is awarded annually to the nation's most outstanding college football player.]] |
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The [[Heisman Trophy]] is awarded annually to the nation's most outstanding college football player. Four Oklahoma players have won the Heisman Trophy, five more finished runner-up. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! Year !! Player !! Position !! Points |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1952''' || '''Billy Vessels''' || '''Halfback''' || '''525''' |
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|- |
|||
| 1954 || Kurt Burris || Center || 838 |
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|- |
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| '''1969''' || '''Steve Owens''' || '''Running back''' || '''1,488''' |
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|- |
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| 1972 || Greg Pruitt || Running back || 966 |
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|- |
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| '''1978''' || '''Billy Sims''' || '''Running back''' || '''827''' |
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|- |
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| 1979 || Billy Sims || Running back || 773 |
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|- |
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| 2000 || Josh Heupel || Quarterback || 1,552 |
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|- |
|||
| '''2003''' || '''Jason White''' || '''Quarterback''' || '''1,481''' |
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|- |
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| 2004 || [[Adrian L. Peterson|Adrian Peterson]] || [[Running back]] || 997 |
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|- |
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| colspan="4" | <small>Source:{{cite web | url=http://www.heisman.com/handbook/winning-margin.html | title=The Winning Margin: Year By Year | publisher=Heisman.com | accessdate=2006-08-08 }}</small> |
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|} |
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North American Ballads; Squares. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Hat Hut: ART 6089) |
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===Other awards=== |
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{| style="font-size:.9em;" |
|||
| valign="top" | |
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<!-- Column 1 --> |
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{| |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Maxwell Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.maxwellfootballclub.org/content/awards/maxwell/past_maxwell.htm | title=The Maxwell Award: Collegiate Player of the Year - Past Recipients | publisher=Maxwell Football Club | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best player''</font> |
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|- |
|||
| '''1956''' || [[Tommy McDonald]] - ''RB'' |
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|- |
|||
| '''2004''' || Jason White - ''QB'' |
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|- |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Walter Camp Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://football.about.com/cs/history/a/waltercampaward.htm | title=Walter Camp Award Winners | publisher=About.com | accessdate=2006-12-21 | first=James | last=Alder }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best player''</font> |
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|- |
|||
| '''1969''' || Steve Owens - ''RB'' |
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|- |
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| '''1978''' || Billy Sims - ''RB'' |
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|- |
|||
| '''2000''' || Josh Heupel - ''QB'' |
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|- |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Dick Butkus Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://football.about.com/cs/history/a/butkusaward.htm | title=Butkus Award Winners | publisher=About.com | accessdate=2006-12-21 | first=James | last=Alder }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best linebacker''</font> |
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|- |
|||
| '''1985''' || Brian Bosworth |
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|- |
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| '''1986''' || Brian Bosworth |
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|- |
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| '''2001''' || Rocky Calmus |
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|- |
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| '''2003''' || Teddy Lehman |
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|} |
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| valign="top" | |
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<!-- Column 2 --> |
|||
{| |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Bronko Nagurski Trophy]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.touchdownclub.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=show_page&page_id=25 | title=Past Winners of the Bronko Nagurski Trophy | publisher=The Touchdown Club | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best defensive player''</font> |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''2001''' || Roy Williams - ''DB'' |
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|- |
|||
| '''2003''' || Derrick Strait - ''DB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Chuck Bednarik Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.maxwellfootballclub.org/content/awards/bednarik/past_bednarik.htm | title=Chuck Bednarik Award: College Defensive Player of the Year - Past Recipients | publisher=Maxwell Football Club | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best defensive player''</font> |
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|- |
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| '''2003''' || Teddy Lehman - ''LB'' |
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|- |
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! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Davey O'Brien Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.daveyobrien.com/Pages/Awards/pastQuarterAward.htm | title=Previous Davey O'Brien National Quarterback Award Winners | publisher=Davey O’Brien Foundation | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best quarterback''</font> |
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|- |
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| '''2003''' || Jason White |
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|- |
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| '''2004''' || Jason White |
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|- |
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! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.goldenarmfoundation.com/pastwinners.html | title=Past Winners | publisher=Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Educational Foundation | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best senior quarterback''</font> |
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|- |
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| '''2004''' || Jason White |
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|- |
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! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Mosi Tatupu Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosi_Tatupu_Award | title=The Mosi Tatupu Award - Past Winners | publisher=The Maui Quarterback Club | accessdate=2007-10-03 }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best Special Teams Player''</font> |
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|- |
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| '''2000''' || J.T. Thatcher |
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|} |
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| valign="top" | |
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<!-- Column 3 --> |
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{| |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Jim Thorpe Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jimthorpeassoc.org/Awards/JTAPastWinners.html | title=The Jim Thorpe Award - Past Winners | publisher=The Jim Thorpe Association | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best defensive back''</font> |
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|- |
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| '''1987''' || Rickey Dixon<ref>Tied with [[Bennie Blades]] of [[Miami Hurricanes football|Miami]].</ref> |
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|- |
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| '''2000''' || Roy Williams |
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|- |
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| '''2003''' || Derrick Strait |
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|- |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Lombardi Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://football.about.com/cs/history/a/vincelombardiaw.htm | title=Lombardi Award | publisher=About.com | accessdate=2006-12-21 | first=James | last=Alder }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best lineman or linebacker''</font> |
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|- |
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| '''1975''' || Lee Roy Selmon - ''DT'' |
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|- |
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| '''1985''' || Tony Casillas - ''DL'' |
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|- |
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| '''2003''' || Tommie Harris - ''DL'' |
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|- |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size:1.1em;" | [[Outland Trophy]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sportswriters.net/fwaa/awards/outland/winners.html | title=ALL-TIME OUTLAND TROPHY WINNERS | publisher=Football Writers Association of America | accessdate=2006-12-21 }}</ref><br/><font style="font-weight:normal; font-size:.8em;">''Best interior lineman''</font> |
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|- |
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| '''1951''' || Jim Weatherall |
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|- |
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| '''1953''' || J.D. Roberts |
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|- |
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| '''1975''' || Lee Roy Selmon |
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|- |
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| '''1978''' || Greg Roberts |
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|- |
|||
| '''2004''' || Jammal Brown |
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|} |
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| valign="top" | |
|||
|} |
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Sonata; De Profundis. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Hat Hut: ART 6134) |
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===All-Americans=== |
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[[Image:Claude Reeds - OU 1st AA.jpg|thumb|Claude Reeds - Oklahoma's first All American.]] |
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Every year, several publications release lists of the their ideal "team." The athletes on these lists are referred to as [[College Football All-America Team|All-Americans]]. The NCAA recognizes five All-American lists. They are the [[Associated Press]], [[American Football Coaches Association]], [[Football Writers Association of America]], [[The Sporting News]], and the [[Walter Camp Football Foundation]].<ref name="NCAA_AA">{{cite web | title=2006 All-American Team announced | date=January 12, 2007 | accessdate=2007-01-20 | publisher=NCAA.org | url=http://www.ncaasports.com/football/mens/story/9926097 }}</ref> Some of these also have levels such as a first team All-American, or second team, or third team. A consensus All-American is determined using a point system; three points if the player was selected for the first team, two points for the second team, and one point for the third team.<ref name="NCAA_AA" /> Oklahoma has had 144 All-Americans (65 consensus) in its history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.soonersports.com/sports/m-footbl/archive/m-footbl-all-americans.html | title=142 Oklahoma Football All-Americans | work=SoonerSports.com | publisher=[[University of Oklahoma]] | accessdate=2007-08-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.soonersports.com/sports/m-footbl/archive/aa-rufus-alexander-2006.html | title= All-American: Rufus Alexander | work=SoonerSports.com | publisher=[[University of Oklahoma]]| accessdate=2007-08-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Lofton an All-American | url=http://soonersports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/120707aah.html | date=[[2007-12-07]] | accessdate=2007-12-07 | publisher=SoonerSports.com }}</ref> |
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{| style="border:2px solid #333333; background:#ffffff; white-space:nowrap;" |
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| valign="top" | |
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{| style="font-size:90%;" |
|||
| '''1913''' |
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| Claude Reeds - ''FB'' |
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|- |
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| '''1915''' |
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| Forest "Spot" Geyer - ''FB'' |
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|- |
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| '''1920''' |
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| Phil White - ''HB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Roy "Soupy" Smoot - ''T'' |
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|- |
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| '''1927''' |
|||
| Granville Norris - ''FB'' |
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|- |
|||
| '''1934''' |
|||
| Cassius Gentry - ''T'' |
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|- |
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| '''1935''' |
|||
| J.W. "Dub" Wheeler - ''T'' |
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|- |
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| '''1937''' |
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| Pete Smith - ''E'' |
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|- |
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| '''1938''' |
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| Roland "Waddy" Young* - ''E'' |
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|- |
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| '''1939''' |
|||
| [[Pop Ivy|Frank "Pop" Ivy]] - ''E'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Gilford Duggan - ''T'' |
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|- |
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| '''1946''' |
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| Buddy Burris - ''G'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Plato Andros]] - ''G'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[John Rapacz]] - ''C'' |
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|- |
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| '''1947''' |
|||
| Buddy Burris - ''G'' |
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|- |
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| '''1948''' |
|||
| Buddy Burris* - ''G'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Jack Mitchell - ''QB'' |
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|- |
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| '''1949''' |
|||
| Wade Walker - ''T'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Stan West|Stanley West]] - ''G'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Darrell Royal]] - ''QB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Jim Owens]] - ''E'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| George Thomas - ''HB'' |
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|- |
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| '''1950''' |
|||
| Leon Health* - ''FB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Jim Weatherall]]* - ''T'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Buddy Jones - ''S'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Frankie Anderson - ''E'' |
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|- |
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| '''1951''' |
|||
| Jim Weatherall* - ''T'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Tom Catlin]] - ''C'' |
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|- |
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| '''1952''' |
|||
| Tom Catlin - ''C'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Eddie Crowder]] - ''QB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Billy Vessels]]* - ''HB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Buck McPhail - ''FB'' |
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|- |
|||
| '''1953''' |
|||
| [[J.D. Roberts (football)|J.D. Roberts]]* - ''G'' |
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|- |
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| '''1954''' |
|||
| [[Kurt Burris]]* - ''C'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Max Boydston* - ''E'' |
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|- |
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| '''1955''' |
|||
| Bo Bolinger* - ''G'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Tommy McDonald]] - ''HB'' |
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|- |
|||
| '''1956''' |
|||
| [[Jerry Tubbs]]* - ''C'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Bill Krisher - ''G'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Tommy McDonald - ''HB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Ed Gray - ''G'' |
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|- |
|||
| '''1957''' |
|||
| [[Clendon Thomas]]* - ''HB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Bill Krisher]]* - ''G'' |
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|} |
|||
| valign="top" | |
|||
{| style="font-size:90%;" |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1958''' |
|||
| [[Bob Harrison (football player)|Bob Harrison]] - ''C'' |
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|- |
|||
| '''1959''' |
|||
| Jerry Thompson - ''G'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1962''' |
|||
| Leon Cross - ''G'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Wayne Lee - ''C'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Joe Don Looney]] - ''HB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1963''' |
|||
| Jim Grisham* - ''FB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Ralph Neely]] - ''T'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1964''' |
|||
| [[Carl McAdams]] - ''LB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Ralph Neely* - ''T'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1965''' |
|||
| Carl McAdams* - ''LB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1966''' |
|||
| [[Granville Liggins]] - ''NG'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1967''' |
|||
| Granville Liggins* - ''NG'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Bob Kalsu]] - ''T'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1968''' |
|||
| [[Steve Owens]]* - ''HB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1969''' |
|||
| [[Steve Zabel]] - ''TE'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Steve Owens* - ''HB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Ken Mendenhall]] - ''C'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1971''' |
|||
| [[Jack Mildren]] - ''QB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Tom Brahaney]]* - ''C'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Greg Pruitt]]* - ''HB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1972''' |
|||
| Tom Brahaney* - ''C'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Rod Shoate]] - ''LB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Greg Pruitt* - ''HB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Derland Moore]] - ''T'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1973''' |
|||
| Rod Shoate - ''LB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Eddie Foster - ''T'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Lucious Selmon]] - ''NG'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1974''' |
|||
| Rod Shoate* - ''LB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Lee Roy Selmon]]* - ''DT'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Dewey Selmon]]* - ''NG'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Tinker Owens - ''SE'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| John Roush* - ''G'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Randy Hughes]] - ''DB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Kyle Davis - ''C'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''1975''' |
|||
| Lee Roy Selmon* - ''DT'' |
|||
|- |
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| |
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| Dewey Selmon* - ''NG'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Terry Webb - ''G'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Mike Vaughan - ''T'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Billy Brooks - ''SE'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Jimbo Elrod* - ''DE'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Tinker Owens - ''SE'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| [[Joe Washington]]* - ''HB'' |
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|} |
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| valign="top" | |
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{| style="font-size:90%;" |
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|- |
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| '''1976''' |
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| Mike Vaughan* - ''T'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| [[Zac Henderson]] - ''DB'' |
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|- |
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| '''1977''' |
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| Zac Henderson* - ''DB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
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| Daryl Hunt - ''LB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
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| [[George Cumby]] - ''LB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
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| [[Greg Roberts (football player)|Greg Roberts]] - ''G'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| [[Reggie Kinlaw]] - ''NG'' |
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|- |
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| '''1978''' |
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| [[Billy Sims]]* - ''HB'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Reggie Kinlaw - ''NG'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
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| Daryl Hunt - ''LB'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Greg Roberts* - ''G'' |
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|- |
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| '''1979''' |
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| George Cumby* - ''LB'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Billy Sims* - ''HB'' |
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|- |
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| '''1980''' |
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| Terry Crouch - ''G'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Louis Oubre* - ''T'' |
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|- |
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| '''1981''' |
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| Terry Crouch* - ''G'' |
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|- |
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| '''1982''' |
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| [[Rick Bryan]]* - ''DT'' |
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|- |
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| '''1983''' |
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| Rick Bryan* - ''DT'' |
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|- |
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| '''1984''' |
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| [[Tony Casillas]]* - ''NG'' |
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|- |
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| '''1985''' |
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| [[Brian Bosworth]]* - ''LB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
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| Tony Casillas* - ''NG'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| [[Kevin Murphy]] - ''DE'' |
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|- |
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| '''1986''' |
|||
| Brian Bosworth* - ''LB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Mark Hutson - ''OG'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Keith Jackson (football player)|Keith Jackson]]* - ''TE'' |
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|- |
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| |
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| Anthony Phillips - ''OG'' |
|||
|- |
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| '''1987''' |
|||
| Mark Hutson* - ''OG'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Keith Jackson* - ''TE'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Rickey Dixon]]* - ''DB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Dante Jones|Danté Jones]]* - ''LB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
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| Darrell Reed - ''DE'' |
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|- |
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| '''1988''' |
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| Anthony Phillips* - ''OG'' |
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|- |
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| '''1991''' |
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| [[Joe Bowden]] - ''LB'' |
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|- |
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| '''1995''' |
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| [[Cedric Jones]] - ''DE'' |
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|- |
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| '''2000''' |
|||
| [[Rocky Calmus]]* - ''LB'' |
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|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Josh Heupel]]* - ''QB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| J.T. Thatcher* - ''FS'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''2001''' |
|||
| Rocky Calmus* - ''LB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Jeff Ferguson - ''P'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Roy Williams (safety)|Roy Williams]]* - ''S'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''2002''' |
|||
| Brandon Everage - ''FS'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Tommie Harris]]* - ''DT'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Teddy Lehman* - ''LB'' |
|||
|} |
|||
| valign="top" | |
|||
{| style="font-size:90%;" |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''2003''' |
|||
| [[Jammal Brown]] - ''OT'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Mark Clayton - ''WR'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Tommie Harris* - ''DT'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Teddy Lehman* - ''LB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Antonio Perkins* - ''RS'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Derrick Strait* - ''CB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Jason White]]* - ''QB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''2004''' |
|||
| Jammal Brown* - ''OT'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Vince Carter - ''C'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Dan Cody]] - ''DE'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| Mark Clayton - ''WR'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Adrian L. Peterson|Adrian Peterson]]* - ''RB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''2006''' |
|||
| [[Rufus Alexander]] - ''LB'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''2007''' |
|||
| [[Duke Robinson|George "Duke" Robinson]]* - ''OL'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| [[Curtis Lofton]]* - ''LB'' |
|||
|} |
|||
|} |
|||
<small>* denotes consensus All-American.</small> |
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Four Pieces. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Vanguard Classics) |
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== See also == |
|||
{{commons|Oklahoma Sooners#Football|Oklahoma Sooners football}} |
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* [[The Pride of Oklahoma Marching Band]] |
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* [[RUF/NEKS]] |
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* [[OU Chant]] |
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Bumps; Andante con moto; The Turtle and the Crane. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Newport Classics) |
|||
== Notes == |
|||
{{reflist|2}} |
|||
Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues. Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano (JLH: 1002) |
|||
==Further reading == |
|||
* {{cite book | title=Game Day Oklahoma Football: The Greatest Games, Players, Coaches, And Teams in the Glorious Tradition of Sooner Football | author=Athlon Sports | other=Foreword by [[Jason White]] | publisher=Triumph Books | month=August | year=2006 | id=ISBN 1-57243-883-5 }} |
|||
The Turtle and the Crane. Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano (Welspringe Productions: WEL001) |
|||
* {{cite book | title=The Boz | first=Brian | last=Bosworth | authorlink=Brian Bosworth | date=August 1, 1988 | publisher=Doubleday | id=ISBN 0-385-24747-8 }} |
|||
* {{cite book | title="Sooner": A season as lived and played by Tinker Owens | first=Bill | last=Bruns | publisher=Josten's Publicatins | year=1974 | id=ASIN B0006CE382 }} |
|||
North American Ballads. Paul Jacobs, piano (Nonesuch) |
|||
* {{cite book | last=Brush | first=Daniel J. | coauthors=David Horne and Marc C. B. Maxwell | title=University of Oklahoma Football: An Interactive Guide to the World of Sports | year=2007 | publisher=Savas Beatie | isbn=1932714332 }} |
|||
* {{cite book | title=Sooner Century: 100 Glorious Years of Oklahoma Football | first=J. Brent | last=Clark | month=October | year=1995 | publisher=Quality Sports Publications | id=ISBN 1-885758-04-9 }} |
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Song and Dance. (Nonesuch) |
|||
* {{cite book | title=The Game of the Century: Nebraska Vs Oklahoma in College Football's Ultimate Battle | first=Mike | last=Corcoran | date=September 28, 2004 | publisher=Simon & Schuster | id=ISBN 0-7432-3621-1 }} |
|||
*{{cite book | title=Annual Madness: A Game by Game History of the Texas-Oklahoma Football Rivalry, 1900-1980 | first=Bill | last=Cromartie | month=March | year=1982 | publisher=Gridiron Pub | id=ISBN 0-932520-05-7 }} |
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Coming Together. (Opus One) |
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*{{cite book | title=Presidents Can't Punt: The OU Football Tradition | first=George Lynn | last=Cross | authorlink=George Lynn Cross | month=September | year=1977 | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | location=Norman, Oklahoma | id=ISBN 0-8061-1419-3 }} |
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*{{cite book | title=The Undefeated: The Oklahoma Sooners and the Greatest Winning Streak in College Football | first=Jim | last=Dent | date=September 24, 2002 | publisher=St. Martin's Griffin | id=ISBN 0-312-30326-2 }} |
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To the Earth. Steven Schick, voice, percussion (unknown) |
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*{{cite book | title=Oklahoma Football Encyclopedia | first=Ray | last=Dozier | date=August 1, 2005 | publisher=Sports Pub | id=ISBN 1-58261-699-X }} |
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*{{cite book | title=Oklahoma football, the winningest team of the seventies | publisher=Western Heritage Books | year=1982 | id=ISBN 0-86546-036-1 | first=Danny | last=Hartley }} |
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Four Pieces (no. 4). Lisa Moore, piano (Sony Classical) |
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*{{cite book | title=Oklahoma Vs Texas: When Football Becomes War | first=Robert | last=Heard | publisher=Honey Hill Pub | month=June | year=1980 | id=ISBN 0-937642-00-2 }} |
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*{{cite book | title=The Road to Glory | first=Josh | last=Heupel | authorlink=Josh Heupel | date=March 26, 2001 | publisher=Cross Training Publishing | id=ISBN 1-929478-25-9 | others=Contributions by Bob Schaller }} |
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=== Played By Rzewski === |
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*{{cite book | title=Forty-Seven Straight: The Wilkinson Era at Oklahoma | first=Harold | last=Keith | month=August | year=2003 | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | location=Norman, Oklahoma | id=ISBN 0-8061-3569-7 }} |
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* ''Capriccio Hassidico'' (1991) |
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*{{cite book | title=Oklahoma Kickoff: An Informal History of the First 25 Years of Football at the University of Oklahoma, and of the Amusing Hardships That Attended It | first=Harold | last=Keith | month=July | year=1978 | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | location=Norman, Oklahoma | id=ISBN 0-8061-1485-1 }} |
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* [[Musica Elettronica Viva]] - ''United Patchwork'' (1977) |
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*{{cite book | title=An Autumn Remembered: Bud Wilkinson's Legendary '56 Sooners | first=Gary T. | last=King | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | location=Norman, Oklahoma | date=July 24, 2006 | id=ISBN 0-8061-3786-X }} |
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* Musica Elettronica Viva - ''Leave The City'' |
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*{{cite book | title=Tales from the Sooner Sidelines: Oklahoma Football Legacy and Legends | first=Mike | last=McKenzie | coauthors=Jay Upchurch | month=August | year=2003 | publisher=Sports Publishing | id=ISBN 1-58261-320-6 }} |
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* Musica Elettronica Viva - ''Spacecraft'' |
|||
*{{cite book | title=Thirteen years of winning Oklahoma football under Bud Wilkinson | first=Volney | last=Meece | date=January 1, 1960 | publisher=Bryan | id=ASIN B0007EUM84 }} |
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* Musica Elettronica Viva - ''Live 7"'' (Recorded live at Philgena Oakland CA 1994) |
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*{{cite book | title=Runnin' with the Big Dogs: The True, Unvarnished Story of the Texas-Oklahoma Football Wars | first=Mike | last=Shropshire | date=August 1, 2006 | publisher=William Morrow | id=ISBN 0-06-085277-1 }} |
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* [[Cornelius Cardew]] - ''We Sing For The Future!'' |
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*{{cite book | title=Prelude to Greatness: Sooner Football in the 1990s | first=Jay | last=Smith | coauthors=William James Willis | others=Foreword by [[David Boren]] | month=August | year=2003 | publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | location=Norman, Oklahoma | id=ISBN 0-8061-3520-4 }} |
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* [[Tom Johnson (composer)|Tom Johnson]] - ''An Hour for Piano'' (1985) |
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*{{cite book | title=What It Means To Be A Sooner: Barry Switzer, Bob Stoops And Oklahoma's Greatest Players | first=Jeff | last=Snook | others=Forewords by [[Bob Stoops]] and [[Barry Switzer]] | month=September | year=2005 | publisher=Triumph Books | id=ISBN 1-57243-759-6 }} |
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* [[Henri Pousseur]] - Aquarius-Memorial |
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*{{cite book | title=Echoes of Oklahoma Football: The Greatest Stories Ever Told | first=Mark | last=Stallard | isbn=1572438746 | publisher=Triumph Books | date=August 25, 2007 }} |
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* [[Henri Pousseur]] - La Guirlande de Pierre |
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*{{cite book | title=Bootlegger's Boy | last=Switzer | first=Barry | authorlink=Barry Switzer | coauthors=Bud Shrake | month=August | year=1990 | publisher=William Morrow & Co | id=ISBN 0-688-09384-1 }} |
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* [[Karlheinz Stockhausen|Stockhausen]] - Klavierstück X (Wergo LP) |
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*{{cite book | title=I Remember Bud Wilkinson: Personal Memories and Anecdotes About an Oklahoma Sooners Legend As Told by the People and Players Who Knew Him | first=Mike | last=Towle | date=August 1, 2002 | publisher=Cumberland House Publishing | id=ISBN 1-58182-301-0 }} |
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*{{cite book | title=Game of My Life: Oklahoma Football | first=Jay | last=Upchurch | month=September | year=2007 | publisher=Sports Publishing | id=ISBN 1-58261-765-1 }} |
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== Literature == |
|||
*{{cite book | title=The Sooners: A Story of Oklahoma Football | first=Jim | last=Weeks | month=June | year=1982 | publisher=Strode Publications | id=ISBN 0-87397-220-1 }} |
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*Frederic Rzewski ''Nonsequiturs - Writings & Lectures on Improvisation, Composition, and Interpretation. Unlogische Folgerungen - Schriften und Vorträge zu Improvisation, Komposition und Interpretation.'' Edition Musiktexte, Cologne, 2007. ISBN 3-9803151-8-5 |
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*{{cite book | title=Bud Wilkinson: An Intimate Portrait of an American Legend | first=Jay | last=Wilkinson | coauthors=Gretchen Hirsch | date=August 1, 1994 | publisher=Sagamore Publishing | id=ISBN 1-57167-001-7 }} |
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=== Sources === |
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* "Frederic Rzewski," in ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2. |
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* ''The Concise Edition of Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 8th ed. Revised by Nicolas Slonimsky. New York, Schirmer Books, 1993. ISBN 0-02-872416-X. |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
||
*[http://www.newalbion.com/artists/rzewskif/ New Albion Artist: Frederic Rzweski] |
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* [http://ou.edu University of Oklahoma website] |
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*[http://www.furious.com/perfect/rzewski.html Perfect Sound Forever: Interview with Frederic Rzweski] by Daniel Varela (March 2003) |
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* [http://soonersports.com SoonerSports.com - Official OU athletics website] |
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*[http://www.kcstudio.com/rzewski2.html Interview with Frederic Rzewski] by Bruce Duffie (January 1995) |
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* [http://soonerstats.com SoonerStats.com] |
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===Listening=== |
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*[http://www.epitonic.com/artists/stevelacyireneaebiandfredericrzewski.html Epitonic.com: Steve Lacy, Irene Aebi, and Frederic Rzewski] featuring tracks from ''Packet'' |
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*[http://www.artofthestates.org/cgi-bin/piece.pl?pid=82 Art of the States: Moonrise with Memories] |
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===Sheet music=== |
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*[http://www.zen-on.co.jp/ Zen-On Music Company Ltd] Published his "People United ..." and "Squares, North American Balades" |
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*{{IckingArchive|idx=Rzewski|name=Frederic Rzewski}} |
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*Several [http://www.frogpeak.org/fpartists/fprzewski.html Frederic Rzweski Scores] are distributed by [[Frog Peak Music]] (a composers' collective). |
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*[http://www.jennylin.net/tc/sc/music.htm Jenny Lin has some scores of Rzewski to download. Here you will also find Rzewski's comment on copyleft.] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rzewski, Frederic}} |
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{{OU Seasons}} |
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[[Category:1938 births]] |
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{{University of Oklahoma|athletics}} |
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[[Category:20th century classical composers]] |
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{{BCSChamps}} |
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[[Category:21st century classical composers]] |
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[[Category:American composers]] |
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[[Category:Contemporary classical music performers]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:Americans of Polish descent]] |
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[[da:Frederic Rzewski]] |
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[[Category:Big 12 Conference football]] |
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[[de:Frederic Rzewski]] |
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[[Category:Oklahoma Sooners football|*]] |
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Revision as of 15:41, 13 October 2008
Frederic Anthony Rzewski (born April 13 1938 in Westfield, Massachusetts) is an American composer and virtuoso pianist.
Biography
Rzewski (pronounced zheff-skee) began playing piano at age 5. He attended Phillips Academy,Harvard and Princeton, where his teachers included Randall Thompson, Roger Sessions, Walter Piston and Milton Babbitt. In 1960, he went to Italy, a trip which was formative in his future musical development. In addition to studying with Luigi Dallapiccola, he began a career as a performer of new piano music, often with an improvisatory element. A few years later he was a co-founder of Musica Elettronica Viva with Alvin Curran and Richard Teitelbaum. Musica Elettronica Viva conceived music as a collective, collaborative process, with improvisation and live electronic instruments prominently featured. In 1971 he returned to New York. [1]
In 1977 Rzewski became Professor of Composition at the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Liège, Belgium, then directed by Henri Pousseur. Occasionally he teaches for short periods at schools and universities throughout the U.S. and Europe, including Yale University, the University of Cincinnati, the California Institute of the Arts, the University of California, San Diego, the Royal Conservatory of The Hague and Trinity College of Music, London. (ibid)
Many of Rzewski's works are inspired by secular and socio-historical themes, show a deep political conscience and feature improvisational elements. Some of his better-known works include The People United Will Never Be Defeated! (36 variations on the Sergio Ortega song El pueblo unido jamás será vencido), a set of virtuosic piano variations written as a companion piece to Beethoven's Diabelli Variations; Coming Together, which is a setting of letters from Sam Melville, an inmate at Attica State Prison, at the time of the famous riots there (1971); North American Ballads; Night Crossing with Fisherman; Fougues; Fantasia and Sonata; The Price of Oil, and Le Silence des Espaces Infinis, both of which use graphical notation; Les Moutons de Panurge; and the Antigone-Legend, which features a principled opposition to the policies of the State, and which was premiered on the night that the United States bombed Libya in April 1986 (ibid). Between his most recent compositions, the most interesting are the two sets of Nanosonatas (2007) and the Cadenza con o senza Beethoven (2003), written on the Beethoven's Fourth Piano Concerto.
Nicolas Slonimsky (1993) says of him in Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians: "He is furthermore a granitically overpowering piano technician, capable of depositing huge boulders of sonoristic material across the keyboard without actually wrecking the instrument."
Catalogue of Works
STAGE: The Persians – Les Perses – Die Perser (music theatre work, libretto by the composer, after Aeschylus), 4 soloists, 5 actors, bass clarinet (+ contrabass clarinet, sopranino saxophone), trombone, double bass (+ bass guitar), piano, 2 percussion, 1985; The Triumph of Death (staged oratorio, text by Peter Weiss), 4 voices, string quartet, 1987-88
ORCHESTRAL: Nature Morte, small orchestra (winds, French horn, trumpet, harp, violin, cello, piano, organ, 5 percussion), 1964; A Long Time Man, piano, orchestra, 1979; Satyrica, guitar, double bass, piano, synthesizer, vibraphone, percussion, symphonic band, 1983; Una Breve Storia d'Estate, 3 flutes, orchestra, 1983; Scratch Symphony, 1997; Movable Types, 1999
CHAMBER MUSIC: Speculum Dianae, any 8 improvisational players, 1964; Selfportrait, any player, 1964; Prose Pieces, improvisational ensemble, 1967-68; Les Moutons de Panurge, any number of melody instruments, 1968; Last Judgment, trombone/any number of unison trombones, 1969; Second Structure, improvisational ensemble, 1972; Song and Dance, flute, bass clarinet, double bass, vibraphone, 1976; Thirteen Instrumental Studies, variable ensemble, 1972-77; Moonrise with Memories, bass trombone, ensemble (any 6 soprano-range instruments), 1978; Three Pieces, soprano saxophone, trombone, piano, 1979; Aria, flute, 1981; Pennywhistlers, recorder, 1981; Wails, bass clarinet (+ sopranino saxophone), piano, 2 percussion, 1984; Lost and Found (player also speaks), percussion, 1985; To the Earth (player also speaks), percussion, 1985; Spots, any 4 players, 1986; Don't Have it Today (player also speaks), double bass, 1986; The Lost Melody, clarinet, piano, 2 percussion, 1989; Roses, flute, clarinet, trumpet, tuba, violin, cello, accordion, percussion, 1989; Aerial Tarts, flute, clarinet/saxophone, violin, cello, piano, 2 percussion, 1990; Whangdoodles, hammer dulcimer (+ mallet instruments ad libitum), violin, piano, 1990; Shtick, clarinet/soprano saxophone, 1990
CHAMBER MUSIC: Knight, cello, 1992; Holes, any 4-8 players, 1993; Crusoe, any 4-12 players, 1993; Histories, 4 saxophones, 1993; Whimwhams, marimba, string quartet, 1993; Family Scenes, flute, 3 saxophones, French horn, 3 trumpets, 2 trombones, bass trombone, double bass/bass guitar, piano, 1995; When the Wind Blows, flute, soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, flügelhorn, trombone, guitar, double bass/bass guitar, piano, 1996; Spiritus, 4 recorders, percussion, 1997; ForHanns, flute, clarinet, cello, piano, 1998; Trio, violin, cello, piano, 1998; Main Drag, any 9 players, 1999; Cradle Rock, flute, soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, flügelhorn, trombone, guitar, double bass/bass guitar, piano, 1999; Pocket Symphony, flute, clarinet, violin, cello, piano, percussion, 2000; 96 (canon), 5 players, 2003
CHORAL: Requiem, Part 1, speaker, male chorus, Jew's harp, piano, organ/electronic simulation, tubular bells, bull-roarer, woodblock, radio, 1963-67; Struggle Song, mixed chorus, 1973 (version by Gregory Rose of vocal work); Le silence des Espaces Infinis, female chorus, any player, 7 orchestral groups, tape, 1980; Stop the War!, mixed chorus, 1995; Stop the Testing!, mixed chorus, 1995
VOCAL: Jefferson (text by Thomas Jefferson), voice, piano, 1970; Freud, voice, 1970; Coming Together, speaker, variable ensemble, 1971; Attica, speaker, variable ensemble, 1972; Struggle Song, voice, variable ensemble, 1973 (also version by Gregory Rose for mixed chorus); The Price of Oil, 2 voices/vocal ensembles, 8 amplified pipe ensembles, any 2 similar ensembles, 1980; Snacks, voice, mixed chorus ad libitum, any ensemble ad libitum, 1981; Antigone-Legend (text by Bertolt Brecht [translated by Judith Malina]), voice, piano, 1982; Songs, voice, piano, 1973-83; Mayakovsky, speaker, piano, string quartet, 1984; Mary's Dream, soprano, contrabass clarinet, cello, piano, percussion, 1984; Force, 2 speakers, any 1-2 wind instruments, any 1-2 plucked instruments, 1-2 noisemakers, weigher ad libitum, 1985; The Waves, speaker, variable ensemble, 1988; Tinkleberries (collection of ditties), voice, any number of players, 1980-90; The Burghers of Rostock, voice, piano, 1992; Snippets, speaker, piano, 1994; Logique (text by Paul Verlaine), voice, flute, cello, piano, 1997
PIANO:
Chain of Thought, 1953;
Tabakrauch, 1954;
Preludes, 1957;
Poem, 1958;
Introduction and Sonata, 2 pianos, 1959;
Study 2 (Dreams), 1961;
Falling Music, 1971 (also version for amplified piano, tape, 1971);
No Place to Go but around, 1974;
36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!', 1975;
Four Pieces, 1977;
Squares, 1978;
North American Ballads, 1978-79 (each of its four sections may be performed separately: Dreadful Memories; Which Side are You on?; Down by the Riverside; Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues; also version of Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues for 2 pianos, 1980);
A Machine, 2 pianos, 1984;
Eggs, 1986;
Steptangle, 1986;
The Turtle and the Crane, 1988;
Variations on 'Mayn Yingele', 1988;
Fantasy, 1989;
Bumps, 1990;
Ludes, 1990-91;
Sonata, 1991;
De Profundis, 1991-92;
Andante con Moto, without a theme by Beethoven, 1992;
A Life, 1992;
Night Crossing with Fisherman, 2 pianos, 1994;
Fougues, 1994;
The Road:
- Part 1 -- Turns (1995);
- Part 2 -- Tracks (1996);
- Part 3 -- Tramps (1997);
- Part 4 -- Stops (1998);
- Part 5 -- A Few Knocks (1999);
- Part 6 -- Travelling with Children (1999);
- Part 7 -- Final Preparations (1999-2002); and
- Part 8 -- The Big Day Arrives (2002-03).
(The Road is one of the longest non-repetitive piano pieces ever written. A complete performance of The Road at Trinity College of Music, London, on May 8, 2006, featuring a wide range of pianists including Rzewski himself, had a duration a little under 10 hours.)
Johnny Has Gone for a Soldier, 2003;
Cadenza con o senza Beethoven, 2003;
Dust, 2003
Rubinstein in Berlin, written for pianist Hong Xu for his debut recital at the Wigmore Hall, London Nov. 7th, 2008.
HARPSICHORD: The Housewife's Lament, 1980
ELECTROACOUSTIC: Zoologischer Garten, tape, 1965
TV PRODUCTION: Chains (12 TV operas), voice, 6 players, 1986
Discography
Composed By Rzewski
36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!'. Ursula Oppens, piano (Vanguard Classics: 8056, 1993)
North American Ballads. Kathleen Supové, piano (CRI: 653, 1993)
Coming Together; Attica. Group 180 (Hungaroton: 12545, 1993)
36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!'. Stephen Drury, piano (New Albion: 63, 1994)
Spots; Wails; The Lost Melody; Crusoe. Zeitgeist (OOdiscs: 15, 1995)
De Profundis; Four Pieces (excerpt); Sonata; Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues. Anthony de Mare, piano (OOdiscs: 16, 1995)
Moonrise with Memories. David Taylor, bass trombone; Louise Schulman/ensemble (New World: 80494, 1996)
To the Earth. Evelyn Glennie, voice, percussion (BMG: 68195, 1996)
Jefferson; Antigone-Legend. Carol Plantamura, soprano; Frederic Rzewski, piano (CRI: 747, 1997)
Night Crossing with Fisherman; Ludes; Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues (version for 2 pianos). Ursula Oppens, Frederic Rzewski, pianos (Music and Arts: 988, 1997)
Turns (The Road, Part 1); Tracks (The Road, Part 2); Whangdoodles; To the Earth. Frederic Rzewski, piano; Abel-Steinberg-Winant Trio (Music and Arts: 1000, 1997)
Scratch Symphony. Michael Gielen/SWF-Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg (Col Legno: WWE 3CD 20026, 1999)
36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!'; North American Ballads (excerpts). Marc-André Hamelin, piano (Hyperion: 67077, 1999)
Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues. Emanuele Arciuli, piano (Stradivarius: STR 33555, 2000)
Turns (The Road, Part 1) (excerpt). Marcel Worms, piano (NM Classics: 98014, 2000)
Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues. James Lent, piano (The Orchard: 8575, 2001)
Down by the Riverside. Lara Downes, piano (Postcards: 2002, 2001)
Coming Together. Frederic Rzewski, speaker; Talujon Percussion Quartet (Capstone: 8681/88, 2001)
36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never be Defeated!'; Turns (The Road, Part 1); Tracks (The Road, Part 2); Tramps (The Road, Part 3); Stops (The Road, Part 4); Fantasia; Sonata; Mayn Yingele; Fougues; A Life; North American Ballads; The Housewife's Lament; De Profundis. Frederic Rzewski, piano, harpsichord (Nonesuch: 79623, 2002)
North American Ballads. Lisa Moore, piano (Cantaloupe Music, 2003)
North American Ballads. David Jalbert, piano (Endeavour: END 1001, 2004)
Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues (version for 2 pianos). Quattro Mani (Klavier: 11106)
36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never Be Defeated!'. Yuji Takahashi, piano (ALM Records: ALCD 19)
Mayn Yingele. Ursula Oppens, piano (Music and Arts: 4862)
36 Variations on 'The People United Will Never be Defeated!'. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Hat Hut: ART 6066)
North American Ballads; Squares. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Hat Hut: ART 6089)
Sonata; De Profundis. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Hat Hut: ART 6134)
Four Pieces. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Vanguard Classics)
Bumps; Andante con moto; The Turtle and the Crane. Frederic Rzewski, piano (Newport Classics)
Winnsboro Cotton Mill Blues. Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano (JLH: 1002)
The Turtle and the Crane. Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano (Welspringe Productions: WEL001)
North American Ballads. Paul Jacobs, piano (Nonesuch)
Song and Dance. (Nonesuch)
Coming Together. (Opus One)
To the Earth. Steven Schick, voice, percussion (unknown)
Four Pieces (no. 4). Lisa Moore, piano (Sony Classical)
Played By Rzewski
- Capriccio Hassidico (1991)
- Musica Elettronica Viva - United Patchwork (1977)
- Musica Elettronica Viva - Leave The City
- Musica Elettronica Viva - Spacecraft
- Musica Elettronica Viva - Live 7" (Recorded live at Philgena Oakland CA 1994)
- Cornelius Cardew - We Sing For The Future!
- Tom Johnson - An Hour for Piano (1985)
- Henri Pousseur - Aquarius-Memorial
- Henri Pousseur - La Guirlande de Pierre
- Stockhausen - Klavierstück X (Wergo LP)
Literature
- Frederic Rzewski Nonsequiturs - Writings & Lectures on Improvisation, Composition, and Interpretation. Unlogische Folgerungen - Schriften und Vorträge zu Improvisation, Komposition und Interpretation. Edition Musiktexte, Cologne, 2007. ISBN 3-9803151-8-5
Sources
- "Frederic Rzewski," in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2.
- The Concise Edition of Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, 8th ed. Revised by Nicolas Slonimsky. New York, Schirmer Books, 1993. ISBN 0-02-872416-X.
References
- ^ "Frederic Rzewski," in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.
External links
- New Albion Artist: Frederic Rzweski
- Perfect Sound Forever: Interview with Frederic Rzweski by Daniel Varela (March 2003)
- Interview with Frederic Rzewski by Bruce Duffie (January 1995)
Listening
- Epitonic.com: Steve Lacy, Irene Aebi, and Frederic Rzewski featuring tracks from Packet
- Art of the States: Moonrise with Memories
Sheet music
- Zen-On Music Company Ltd Published his "People United ..." and "Squares, North American Balades"
- Template:IckingArchive
- Several Frederic Rzweski Scores are distributed by Frog Peak Music (a composers' collective).
- Jenny Lin has some scores of Rzewski to download. Here you will also find Rzewski's comment on copyleft.